A Collaborative and Scalable Geospatial Data Set for Arctic Retrogressive Thaw Slumps with Data Standards.

Arctic permafrost is undergoing rapid changes due to climate warming in high latitudes. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are one of the most abrupt and impactful thermal-denudation events that change Arctic landscapes and accelerate carbon feedbacks. Their spatial distribution remains poorly characterised due to time-intensive conventional mapping methods.

Clinical and patient-reported outcomes in women offered oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery as an alternative to mastectomy: ANTHEM multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery may be a better option than mastectomy, but high-quality comparative evidence is lacking. The aim of the ANTHEM study (ISRCTN18238549) was to explore clinical and patient-reported outcomes in a multicentre cohort of women offered oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery as an alternative to mastectomy with or without immediate breast reconstruction.

Methods: Women with invasive/pre-invasive breast cancer who were offered oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery with volume replacement or displacement techniques to avoid mastectomy were recruited prospectively.

Assessing the Quality, Readability, and Acceptability of AI-Generated Information in Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery.

Introduction: Within plastic surgery, a patient's most commonly used first point of information before consulting a surgeon is the internet. Free-to-use artificial intelligence (AI) websites like ChatGPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformers) are attractive applications for patient information due to their ability to instantaneously answer almost any query. Although relatively new, ChatGPT is now one of the most popular artificial intelligence conversational software tools.

Your Move: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Blended Learning Sexual Health Program.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Your Move, a multisession blended learning sexual health education program for females aged 14-19 years.

Methods: This group randomized controlled trial included a sample of 104 groups comprised of 808 females aged 14-19 years. After completing the baseline survey, small groups of 4-16 participants were randomized, stratified by 6 regions, to receive Your Move (n = 58 groups, 412 participants) or an attention control program called Eat Smart (n = 46 groups, 396 participants).

Daily health and well-being in adulthood and old age: The role of adverse childhood experiences.

How susceptible our daily affect is to fluctuations in physical health indicates how well we adapt to everyday health challenges. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to have a lasting impact on everyday emotion regulation and adaptation across the lifespan, but less is known about whether and how such adversity is linked to the susceptibility of affect to everyday health challenges. This study therefore tested whether ACEs were associated with daily reports of positive and negative affect and examined weather they moderated emotional reactions to daily physical symptoms in adulthood and old age.

PD-1 antibody interactions with Fc gamma receptors enable PD-1 agonism to inhibit T cell activation - therapeutic implications for autoimmunity.

PD-1 has emerged as a central inhibitory checkpoint receptor in maintaining immune homeostasis and as a target in cancer immunotherapies. However, targeting PD-1 for the treatment of autoimmune diseases has been more challenging. We recently showed in a phase 2a trial that PD-1 could be stimulated with the PD-1 agonist antibody peresolimab to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Substantial Mercury Releases and Local Deposition from Permafrost Peatland Wildfires in Southwestern Alaska.

Increasing wildfire activity at high northern latitudes has the potential to mobilize large amounts of terrestrial mercury (Hg). However, understanding implications for Hg cycling and ecosystems is hindered by sparse research on peatland wildfire Hg emissions. In this study, we used measurements of soil organic carbon (SOC) and Hg, burn depth, and environmental indices derived from satellite remote sensing to develop machine learning models for predicting Hg emissions from major wildfires in the permafrost peatland of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (YKD) in southwestern Alaska.

Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Intraoperative Flap Perfusion Assessment With Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography in Breast and Head and Neck Reconstructions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) is gaining popularity for the assessment of reconstructive flap perfusion intraoperatively. This study analyses the literature with a focus on its clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness across various plastic and reconstructive surgery procedures.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines on published studies in English comparing ICGFA with standard clinical assessment for flap perfusion.

Pollen exposures in pregnancy and early life are associated with childhood asthma incidence.

Background: Pollen exposure is an environmental risk factor for asthma symptoms and allergic reactions in children. The extent to which pollen exposure in pregnancy and the first year of life influences the development of childhood asthma and rhinitis is not fully understood.

Objective: We aimed to investigate early life exposures to pollen with childhood asthma and rhinitis at age 6 in a longitudinal birth cohort of the United Kingdom.

Proteomic and metabolomic profiles of plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles differentiate melanoma patients from healthy controls.

Background: Plasma-derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as novel biomarkers in melanoma, due to their ability to reflect the cell of origin and ease of collection. This study aimed to identify novel EV biomarkers that can discriminate between disease stages. This was achieved by characterising the plasma-derived EVs of patients with melanoma, and comparing their proteomic and metabolomic profile to those from healthy controls.

Quantification of Lanthanides on a PMMA Microfluidic Device with Three Optical Pathlengths Using PCR of UV-Visible, NIR, and Raman Spectroscopy.

Microfluidic devices (MFDs) offer customizable, low-cost, and low-waste platforms for performing chemical analyses. Optical spectroscopy techniques provide nondestructive monitoring of small sample volumes within microfluidic channels. Optical spectroscopy can probe speciation, oxidation state, and concentration of analytes as well as detect counterions and provide information about matrix composition.

Context Matters: Internet Usage and Loneliness Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: Later life is often categorized by higher-than-average levels of loneliness, but individual differences are vast and not well understood. Emerging evidence indicates that broad-based contextual factors such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-and the use of the internet throughout-are differentially associated with the experience of loneliness. We, therefore, target internet usage and loneliness among middle-aged and older adults during the pandemic and examine the moderating role of age, gender, and limiting illness therein.

Artificial intelligence for optimum tissue excision with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography for flap reconstructions: Proof of concept.

Background: Indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) is gaining popularity as an intraoperative tool to assess flap perfusion. However, it needs interpretation and there is concern regarding a potential for over-debridement with its use. Here we describe an artificial intelligence (AI) method that indicates the extent of flap trimming required.

The accuracy of Eclipse AXB and AAA dose algorithms with dental amalgam.

High-density materials used for dental restorations are poorly defined in CT imaging due to scanner limitations. Studies have established that Eclipse offers poor agreement with delivered dose in situations involving high-density material. Defining the accuracy of dose algorithms in situations involving high-density overrides would improve clinical outcomes both for target coverage and OAR sparing.

Development of a core data set for describing, measuring and reporting the learning curve in studies of novel invasive procedures: study protocol.

Introduction: The introduction of novel surgical techniques and procedures remains poorly regulated and standardised. Although the learning curve associated with invasive procedures is a critical part of innovation, it is currently inconsistently defined, measured and reported. This study aims to develop a core data set that can be applied in all studies describing or measuring the learning curve in novel invasive procedures.

Exploring locoregional treatment reporting in neoadjuvant systemic breast cancer treatment studies: A systematic review.

Accurate information about locoregional treatments in breast cancer neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) trials is vital to support surgical decision-making and allow meaningful interpretation of long-term oncological outcomes. This systematic review (PROSPERO registration CRD42023470891) aimed to describe the current practice of outcome reporting in NST studies. A systematic search identified primary research studies published 01/01/2018-08/09/2023 reporting outcomes in patients receiving NST for breast cancer followed by locoregional treatment.

Advancing indocyanine green fluorescence flap perfusion assessment via near infrared signal quantification.

Introduction: Intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICGFA) perfusion assessment has been demonstrated to reduce complications in reconstructive surgery. This study sought to advance ICGFA flap perfusion assessment via quantification methodologies.

Method: Patients undergoing pedicled and free flap reconstruction were subjected to intraoperative ICGFA flap perfusion assessment using either an open or endoscopic system.

Germline susceptibility from broad genomic profiling of pediatric brain cancers.

Background: Identifying germline predisposition in CNS malignancies is of increasing clinical importance, as it contributes to diagnosis and prognosis, and determines aspects of treatment. The inclusion of germline testing has historically been limited due to challenges surrounding access to genetic counseling, complexity in acquiring a germline comparator specimen, concerns about the impact of findings, or cost considerations. These limitations were further defined by the breadth and scope of clinical testing to precisely identify complex variants as well as concerns regarding the clinical interpretation of variants including those of uncertain significance.

Inter-cellular mRNA Transfer Alters Human Pluripotent Stem Cell State.

Inter-cellular transmission of mRNA is being explored in mammalian species using immortal cell lines (1-3). Here, we uncover an inter-cellular mRNA transfer phenomenon that allows for the adaptation and reprogramming of human primed pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). This process is induced by the direct cell contact-mediated coculture with mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under the condition impermissible for human primed PSC culture.