Efficacy of Topical Tranexamic Acid (Cyclokapron) in "Wet" Field Infiltration with Dilute Local Anaesthetic Solutions in Plastic Surgery.

Background: Surgical bleeding may lead to the need for blood transfusion and minimizing blood loss has been a basic principle followed by surgeons for generations. Antifibrinolytic agents are widely used to reduce perioperative haemorrhage. The present study sought to assess the efficacy of directly infiltrated tranexamic acid in ameliorating bruising in participants undergoing cosmetic plastic surgery (liposuction).

Compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities: a global perspective.

Many publications are available on the topic of compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities all over the world. The approaches of developing and developed countries show wide variation, but the principles of infection prevention and control are the same globally. This study is a systematic review and global perspective of the available literature on infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities.

The effect of three whitening oral rinses on enamel micro-hardness.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on human enamel micro-hardness of three over-the-counter whitening oral rinses available in South Africa. Enamel fragments were gathered into three groups of 15 each. One group was exposed to Colgate Plax Whitening Blancheur, the second group to White Glo 2 in 1 and the third to Plus White, in each case for periods recommended by the respective manufacturers.

Extent of East-african nurse leaders' participation in health policy development.

This paper reports part of a bigger study whose aim was to develop an empowerment model that could be used to enhance nurse leaders' participation in health policy development. A Delphi survey was applied which included the following criteria: expert panelists, iterative rounds, statistical analysis, and consensus building. The expert panelists were purposively selected and included national nurse leaders in leadership positions at the nursing professional associations, nursing regulatory bodies, ministries of health, and universities in East Africa.

Whitening efficacy of three over-the-counter oral rinses.

Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the whitening efficacy of three different oral rinses.

Materials And Methods: Eighty extracted teeth were randomly divided into four groups, cleaned with a slow-speed handpiece with pumice and placed in a staining broth for 14 days. Measurements of tooth shades were measured with a spectrophotometer.

Strategic framework for increasing accessibility and utilization of voluntary counseling and testing services in Uganda.

Despite the usefulness of VCT service as an entry point to prevention for the HIV-uninfected people and care, treatment and support for those who test HIV positive, VCT service remains poorly utilized among the fishing communities. The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing VCT service delivery and utilisation among fishing communities in Uganda and consequently, formulated a strategic framework for improving VCT service delivery and utilisation in the fishing communities. The study followed a 3-phased approach, collecting and analyzing quantitative data from Kasenyi fishing community under phase I, collecting and analyzing qualitative data from hospital managers and VCT counselors in phases II and III, respectively.

Perceptions of registered nurses in four state health insititutions on continuing formal education.

This study investigated registered nurses in four selected state health institutions' perceptions with regard to continuing formal education. The relevance of continuing formal education is being emphasised globally by the increasing quest for quality assurance and quality management systems within an ethos of continuous improvement. According to Tlholoe (2006:5), it is important to be committed to continual learning, as people's knowledge become less relevant because skills gained early in a career are insufficient to avoid costly mistakes made through ignorance.

Compliance with infection control recommendations in South African dental practices: a review of studies published between 1990 and 2007.

In a country where the prevalence of infectious diseases ranks among the highest in the world, infection control in health care facilities should not be debatable. This unfortunately does not seem to be the case in South African oral health care facilities. This study is a systematic review of available literature on the adherence of South African oral health care professionals to infection control recommendations.

Factors influencing utilization of voluntary counseling and testing service in Kasenyi fishing community in Uganda.

This article reports on part of a study that described models of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) service delivery and analyzed how a model influenced uptake of VCT services in a Ugandan community. A quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive design was used. Respondents (N = 127, 52% male, 48% female) provided data during structured interviews.

Oral health management of a medically compromised patient with medication induced xerostomia--a case study.

An ageing population requires dental professionals to be aware of the oral effects of medications taken by their patients. This case study will present the challenges faced by the hygienist in the oral health management of a 79-year-old medically compromised patient over a 2-year period. The interrelationship between the ageing process, medical conditions and medications taken, and specific treatment modalities are considered.

Student nurses' experiences during clinical practice in the Limpopo Province.

A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual study was conducted to explore student nurses' experiences during clinical practice at a nursing college in the Limpopo Province. Purposive sampling was used and phenomenological interviews were held with eleven (11) student nurses who were in their final year of the four year basic nursing programme. The interviews were analysed by using Tesch's method of data analysis for qualitative research.

Patients' and family members' knowledge and views regarding diabetes mellitus and its treatment.

Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide and its related complications continue to be of great concern. The outcome of diabetes depends mainly on the patient's self-management. Health care professionals therefore have a major responsibility to assist patients to acquire the essential knowledge, skills and attitudes towards self-management.

The pedicle tram flap: a focus on improved aesthetic outcome.

Background: The transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap technique is the most versatile and artistic procedure currently used for breast reconstruction. Several variations have been described in the past with regard to the aesthetic objectives of reconstruction and the technical steps to achieve these goals. This study aimed to analyze changes introduced by the authors to improve the aesthetic outcome of breast reconstruction using the pedicle TRAM flap in terms of three specific aesthetic goals: (1) better definition of the submammary fold, (2) improved reconstruction of the tail of the breast and anterior axillary wall after axillary clearance, and (3) improved projection of the lower pole of the reconstructed breast.

Nasal middle vault support: a new technique.

A novel technique for maintaining internal nasal valve anatomic and physiologic integrity at the time of hump reduction is proposed. The procedure involves mobilizing the anterior edge of the upper lateral cartilage after submucosal dissection. Reduction of the anterior border of the septal cartilage and reconstruction of the middle vault of the nose is accomplished by placing the upper lateral cartilage medial border on the reduced edge of the septum using a vest-over technique.

Comparative analysis of bupivacaine and ropivacaine for infiltration analgesia for bilateral breast surgery.

Local anesthesia infiltration has been established as a preferred method of perioperative analgesia in many cosmetic operations. In an attempt to maximize the risk-benefit ratio of local anesthesia, a study was conducted to compare efficacy of two local anaesthetic agents. Bupivacaine was compared to ropivacaine in a bilaterally symmetrical breast surgery model.

Outcome study: periareolar mammaplasty patients' perspective.

Residual scars on occasion compromise patient satisfaction with breast reduction procedures. Periareolar breast reduction was proposed to minimize the scarring produced by the operation. This technique was criticized predominantly for producing a breast with low projection, for recurrence of ptosis after surgery, and for widening of the periareolar scar.

Zygomaticus major advancement as an adjunct to lower blepharoplasty.

Sagging of the mid-face, deep nasolabial folds, and flat malar eminence often compromise the rejuvenation effect produced by upper and lower blepharoplasty. A simple surgical technique based on advancement of the zygomaticus major origin was developed as an adjunct to lower blepharoplasty to address this problem. The technique is predominantly suitable for ambulatory surgery setup and can be easily performed under local anesthesia and sedation.

The Whole Brain Creativity Model: implications for nursing education and practice.

Recent nursing literature has repeatedly proclaimed the need for creativity in nursing. Effective nursing practice in the new millennium will require innovative and creative nurses who can adapt to change and have the courage to take risks in order to provide holistic, individualised, context-specific care. An analytical study of the literature revealed interesting information on the concept creativity and teaching for creativity.

Relationship between the Whole Brain Creativity Model and Kolb's experiential learning model.

The aim of this article is to illustrate the relation between the cognitive styles in Kolb's experiential learning model and dominance in brain functioning. A descriptive analytical study of the literature on creativity and the development of creative thinking, explored various theories and definitions of creativity, and the nature of creative learning. Congruences between cognitive styles and the four quadrants of the Whole Brain Model were detected.

Wound modulation via sclerotherapy and tissue adhesion. Observations and discussion.

Fluid accumulation in a 'dead space' after surgery or trauma predisposes the area involved to delayed healing. The fluid may promote inflammatory mediators and other wound-modulating factors, which encourages the continued existence of the dead space. Tissue adhesion by means of agents such as tetracyclines has long been described.

Relatedness among penicillin-binding protein 2b genes of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2b similarities among Streptococcus mitis, S. oralis, and S. pneumoniae using DNA fingerprinting and sequencing were investigated.

Chromosomally mediated high-level gentamicin resistance in Streptococcus mitis.

Four blood culture isolates of Streptococcus mitis were found to be resistant to penicillin (MIC, 16 to 32 micrograms/ml) and gentamicin (MIC, 128 or 1,000 micrograms/ml), and the two antibiotics demonstrated a lack of in vitro synergy. As shown by polymerase chain reaction assays, the structural gene known to encode high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Streptococcus agalactiae was also present in all four S. mitis strains.