Intraoperative radiotherapy as an immediate adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer due to limited access to external-beam radiotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concomitant chemotherapy is the current standard-of-care for locally-advanced rectal cancer. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is to date only recommended for pelvic recurrences or incompletely resectable tumors. We here report on patients with stage II/III rectal cancer that were treated with IORT in a regional Russian university center due to limited access to EBRT.

[Hepatocyte cytolysis enzymes as the markers of operative trauma in open cholecystectomy].

Surgical and narcotic aggression lead to certain injuries of hepatocytes. The authors followed up the time course of liver injury marker enzymes in two groups of patients subjected to open cholecystectomy (n = 62): succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GIDH), SGPT, and SGOT. In group 1 the operative trauma was minimal, in group 2 traumatism was higher because of technological difficulties.