[Intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure in neurosurgical patients during anaesthesia with xenon].

Despite difficulties in providing xenon anaesthesia, xenon still seems to be attractive for neurosurgical procedures. But data upon its effect on intracranial (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) remains controversial. We monitored ICP and CPP in patients with or without intracranial hypertension during xenon inhalation in different concentrations.

The long-associative pathway of the white matter: modern view from the perspective of neuroscience.

This review presents basic information about white matter tracts of the human brain, with a special emphasis being placed on long associative fibers (superior and inferior longitudinal fascicles, inferior frontooccipital fascicles, fasciculus arcuatus and fasciclus uncinatus): their structure, history, functions, methods of preoperative and intraoperative identification during neurosurgical operations. Neurological symptoms caused by a damage to each of the above-described long associative fiber are described. There is a detailed analysis of methods of neuropsychological testing and neurophysiological identification in white matter fiber tract mapping in focal brain lesions.

Facile synthesis of pyrazole- and benzotriazole-containing selenoethers.

Azole-containing selenoethers, 1,5-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-selena pentane and 1,3-bis(1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)-2-selena propane were prepared by the reaction of corresponding tosylate or chloride with sodium selenide generated in situ from elemental selenium and sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate (rongalite).

Effect of γ-irradiation on expression of tight and adherens junction protein mRNA on in vitro blood-brain barrier model.

We studied the effect of γ-irradiation on HUVEC endothelial cells co-cultured with allogeneic astrocytes. This 2D in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier has the same parameters as cerebral microvascular endothelial cells forming the blood-brain barrier and allows reproducing its functions in vivo. Dose-dependent changes in cell morphology and violation of monolayer integrity were observed.

The use of intravascular hypothermia to correct intracranial hypertension in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Assess to impact hypothermia on ABP, CPP, ICP and cerebral autoregulation. Material and methods. 14 patients with TBI (GOS<9) underwent hypothermia by Thermogard system within 32-35 °C (Zoll, USA).

Profile of microRNA expression in brain tumors of different malignancy.

The expression profiles of 10 mature microRNA (7, 10a, 17, 20a, 21, 23a, 26a, 137, 222) in biopsy specimens of gliomas of different malignancy were studied by the real time PCR with SYBR Green I fluorescent stain. The expression of microRNA-21 increased significantly, while that of microRNA-137 decreased, depending on the tumor malignancy. The expression of microRNA-9, -17, -20a, -23a, -26a was significantly higher, while that of microRNA-7 lower in the tumor vs.

Clinical and prognostic significance of genetic markers in craniocerebral injury (Part III).

It is now becoming increasingly clear that the course and outcome of craniocerebral injury (CCI) are determined not only by its biomechanism, severity, patient's age, presence of premorbid factors, etc., but also by individual features of the genome of each patient, which puts traumatic brain injury among multifactorial diseases. The genome determines the presence or absence of«genetic predilection to the development of various complications and sequelae of CCI, which generally determines the progression of traumatic brain injury disease.

Connexin-43 antibodies in intraoperative diagnosis of experimental poorly differentiated gliomas.

Fluorescent diagnosis was first proposed in the early XX century and has been used in neurosurgery for about 15 years. The method relies on selective accumulation of strongly fluorescent protoporphyrin IX in tumor cells. Over the past years, the method of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis has occupied its niche in many neurosurgical clinics around the world and is now used for fast intraoperative diagnosis in brain tumor surgery.

Treatment of poorly differentiated glioma using a combination of monoclonal antibodies to extracellular connexin-43 fragment, temozolomide, and radiotherapy.

Antitumor efficiencies of monoclonal antibodies to connexin-43 second extracellular loop (MAbE2Cx43), temozolomide, and fractionated γ-irradiation in the monotherapy mode and in several optimized combinations were studied in Wistar rats with induced C6 glioma. The survival of animals with glioma and the dynamics of intracerebral tumor development were evaluated by MRT. Temozolomide monotherapy (200 mg/m(2)) and isolated radiotherapy in a total dose of 36 Gy shifted the survival median from 28 days (no therapy) to 34 and 38 days, respectively; 100% animals died under conditions of temozolomide monotherapy and radiotherapy.

Expression of VEGF, GFAP, and BDNF genes in the brain of rats after fractionated γ-irradiation according to different protocols.

The expression of VEGF, GFAP, and BDNF genes in the nervous tissue changed on weeks 4, 8, and 12 after fractionated irradiation of the brain according to different protocols in a fixed total dose of 36 Gy. The expression of VEGF gene decreased in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus after 4 and 8 weeks. After week 12, the expression of VEGF normalized in the prefrontal cortex and remained low in the hippocampus.

Total power millimeter-wave spectrometer for measurements of dust opacity at cryogenic temperatures.

A highly sensitive total power millimeter-wave spectrometer has been built to investigate the opacity of important interstellar-dust analogues in the 10-300 K temperature range. The key elements of the spectrometer are a frequency agile synthesizer followed by a microwave amplifier and a subsequent frequency multiplier. In a first step, the frequency range of 72-120 GHz is covered by the spectrometer, and a room temperature Schottky detector is employed as a detector.

Intraoperative fluorescence diagnostics upon recurrent operations for brain gliomas.

Unlabelled: The method of fluorescent diagnosis (FD) using 5-ALA has been widely employed in surgery of primary intracerebral tumors over the last years. The issue of FD application in surgery of gliomas with continued growth has remained less studied.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of using FD with 5-ALA and laser spectral analysis in surgery of brain gliomas with continued growth.

Neurotransmitter basis of consciousness and uncosciousness states.

Plenty of different studies are dedicated to consciousness recovery problem, such as neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neuropsychiatric, neurosurgical, neurological points of view. However, neurotransmitter dysfunction is one of the main difficulties for consciousness and other neurological functions recovery after brain trauma. There are a lot of pharmacological agents modulating brain neurotransmitter activity, but no one precise clinical indication.

Neuroanatomical basis for traumatic coma: clinical and magnetic resonance correlates.

In this paper, the relationship between brain lesion localization (verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) and the severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its outcomes is presented. Magnetic resonance studies in different modes (T1, T2, FLAIR, DWI, DTI, T2 * GRE, SWAN) were performed in 162 patients with acute TBI. Statistical analysis was done using Statistica 6, 8 software and R programming language.

Design and validation of standardized clinical and functional remission criteria in schizophrenia.

Background: International Remission Criteria (IRC) for schizophrenia were developed recently by a group of internationally known experts. The IRC detect only 10%-30% of cases and do not cover the diversity of forms and social functioning. Our aim was to design a more applicable tool and validate its use - the Standardized Clinical and Functional Remission Criteria (SCFRC).

Analysis of expression of microRNAs and genes involved in the control of key signaling mechanisms that support or inhibit development of brain tumors of different grades.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of key biological processes. Different miRNAs with pro-oncogenic and anti-oncogenic properties have been identified in glioblastomas. We decided to analyze expression profiles of 10 mature miRNAs (miR-7-1, miR-10а, miR-17, miR-20а, miR-21, miR-23а, miR-26а, miR-137, and miR-222) in post-surgery glioma specimens of different grades in order to find whether the expression level correlates with tumor grades.

[Practicing subnarcotic xenon dose inhalation in spa treatment of posttraumatic stress-induced disorders].

Purpose of the investigation was to compare and contrast effectiveness of xenon therapy of stress-induced neurotic disorders and traditional spa-based therapy. Patients of the experimental and control groups were people of risky professions who received drug therapy, psychotherapy and physiotherapy. The experimental group was additionally treated by inhalation therapeutic doses of medical xenon.

[History case of multiple hepatic adenomas in adolescent with severe course of glycogen storage disease type lb].

We represented a case history of multiple hepatic adenomas in an adolescent with severe clinical course of glycogen storage disease type lb (compound heterozygous mutations c.1042_1043delCT and c.817G>A in the SLC37A4).

[Chronic hepatitis C in children: problems and prospects].

The analysis of a problem state of chronic hepatitis C in children was conducted. Data on primary incidence of chronic hepatitis C at the children's population as on the territory of the Russian Federation, and abroad are submitted. Problems of diagnosis of a HCV infection are studied.

Penetrating head and brain injuries with nonmetal foreign bodies.

Penetrating brain injuries (PBI) are common in neurosurgical practice. Most of them are civil or war-time missile and blast injuries. This type of trauma is widely presented in neurosurgical publication, textbooks and clinical evidence-based guidelines.

Modern molecular approaches to diagnosis and treatment of high-grade brain gliomas.

The review analyzes the current state of the problem of diagnosis and therapy of high-grade gliomas on the basis of the most promising present-day approaches. The diagnostic and treatment perspectives of the molecular genetic analysis of glioblastoma markers located on the tumor cell surface are considered. Gene therapy and the use of dendritic cells and oncolytic viruses are considered as the most interesting approaches to therapy of high-grade gliomas.

[Intracranial pressure plateau waves in patients with severe traumatic brain injury].

The goal of the study was to assess frequency of plato waves, their influence on outcomes and define factors leading to plato waves. Ninety eight patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) were included. Blood pressure (BP), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and pressure reactivity index (Prx) were registered.

[Safety of nanoparticles and nanomaterials for environmental and occupational space].

National and international experience, international standards, reports and recommendations relating to the assessment of harm to health, safety in the new nanoscale production for environmental and occupational space (ISO / TR 12885:2008 (E), BSI PD 6699-1:2007, etc .) have been analyzed.

Allee threshold and stochasticity in biological invasions: colonization time at low propagule pressure.

We consider the problem of estimating the time needed for species colonization. The analysis is based upon the known population dynamic models by Dennis with minor modification to the Allee effect description, which allows us to obtain an analytical expression for the colonization time. For the stochastic counterpart of the models in diffusion approximation, we (1) propose the description of immigration stochasticity, (2) provide the estimates of time required for the population to overcome strong demographic Allee effect, and (3) consider the numerical results for mean colonization time and its uncertainty.