Yield of skeletal surveys in national network of child abuse pediatricians: Age is key.

Background: Skeletal surveys (SS) are recommended for the evaluation of suspected physical abuse in children <2 years old. No guidelines exist for SS completion in children between 2 and 5 years old.

Objective: To determine rates of SS completion by age and examine variables associated with occult fracture identification in older children.

Burden of Herpes Zoster Among Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis in the United States.

Purpose: Patients with psoriasis (PsO) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), but healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs relating to HZ in adults with PsA are unknown. We aimed to estimate the incidence of HZ among adults with PsA vs without psoriatic disease and the additional HRU and costs among patients with PsA with vs without HZ.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal, cohort study estimated HZ incidence in PsA+ vs PsO-/PsA- cohorts and HRU and medical/pharmacy costs among PsA+/HZ+ vs PsA+/HZ- cohorts comprised of adults from Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database during 2015-2020.

Herpes zoster burden in patients with asthma: real-world incidence, healthcare resource utilisation and cost.

Background: Herpes zoster (HZ) is a painful condition caused by reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. The objectives of this study were to compare HZ incidence in adults with asthma versus adults without asthma and to compare healthcare resource use as well as direct costs in adults with HZ and asthma versus adults with asthma alone in the USA.

Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study included adults aged ≥18 years across the USA.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Herpes Zoster Vaccination Among Specialists.

Recombinant zoster vaccine has been recommended by the US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for the prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) in immunocompetent adults aged at least 50 years since 2018. In January 2022, this was extended to immunodeficient/immunosuppressed adults aged at least 19 years. Key study objectives were to assess specialists' knowledge of the ACIP HZ vaccination recommendations, their attitudes toward HZ vaccination, and HZ vaccination practices/barriers.

Public Health Impact of the Adjuvanted RSVPreF3 Vaccine for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention Among Older Adults in the United States.

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in older adults, resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This study estimates the public health impact of vaccination with the adjuvanted RSVPreF3 vaccine among adults aged ≥ 60 years in the United States (US). A static, multi-cohort Markov model was used to estimate RSV-related outcomes over a 3-year time horizon for scenarios with and without one-time RSV vaccination.

Respiratory syncytial virus knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions among adults in the United States.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality among older adults (aged ≥60 years) and adults with certain chronic conditions in the United States (US). Despite this burden, no previous studies have assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of RSV among these populations. This study evaluates RSV-related KAP among US adults at increased risk of severe RSV infection.

Cost-Effectiveness of Recombinant Zoster Vaccine for the Prevention of Herpes Zoster in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients and Other Immunocompromised Adults in the United States.

Introduction: Immunocompromised (IC) adults are at increased risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ) and HZ-related complications due to therapy or underlying disease. This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) versus no vaccine for the prevention of HZ in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and other IC adults aged ≥ 18 years in the United States (US).

Methods: A static Markov model simulated cohorts of IC individuals using a 1-year cycle length and 30-year time horizon to estimate the cost effectiveness of RZV.

Burden of Herpes Zoster Among Patients with Psoriasis in the United States.

Introduction: Patients with psoriasis (PsO) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ), but recent data on the incidence of HZ among patients with PsO and the impact of HZ on healthcare resource use (HRU) and costs for patients with PsO have not been described.

Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal, cohort study estimated HZ incidence in cohorts of adults with vs without PsO (PsO + vs PsO-) and HRU and costs among those with PsO, with vs without HZ (PsO + /HZ + vs PsO + /HZ-) using Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database during 2015-2020. Patients with psoriatic arthritis were excluded from all four cohorts.

The potential impact of increased recombinant zoster vaccine coverage on the burden of herpes zoster among adults aged 50-59 years.

Introduction: Recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) is recommended in the US for prevention of herpes zoster (HZ) in adults aged ≥50 years. Vaccination rates remain suboptimal for adults 50-59 years compared with adults ≥50 years overall. The objective of this study was to model changes in outcomes associated with improved RZV vaccination coverage in US adults 50-59 years.

Economic and Clinical Burden of Herpes Zoster Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States.

Background: Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ); however, relevant cost and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data are limited.

Methods: We estimated HCRU (hospitalization, emergency department [ED], and outpatient visits) and costs in patients with UC or CD, with and without HZ, using administrative claims data (October 2015-February 2020). HCRU and costs (2020 US dollars) were compared at 1 month, 1 quarter, and 1 year after the index date, using propensity score adjustment and generalized linear models.

Clinical and Economic Burden of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Administrative Claims.

Objective: To estimate the incremental healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and cost burden posed by herpes zoster (HZ) in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using an administrative claims database containing commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D data, between October 2015 and February 2020. Patients with RA and HZ (RA+/HZ+) or RA without HZ (RA+/HZ-) were identified based on diagnosis codes and relevant medications.

Incidence and risk of herpes zoster in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in the USA.

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). We evaluated the incidence of HZ in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) patients and compared this with HZ incidence in a non-IBD population.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study (GSK study identifier: VEO-000043) of adults aged ≥18 years with UC and CD and without IBD who were identified from claims recorded in a US healthcare database between October 2015 and February 2020.

Public health impact of recombinant zoster vaccine for prevention of herpes zoster in US adults immunocompromised due to cancer.

Individuals who are immunocompromised (IC) due to therapy or underlying disease are at increased risk of herpes zoster (HZ). This study evaluates the public health impact of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) relative to no HZ vaccination for the prevention of HZ among adults aged ≥18 years diagnosed with selected cancers in the United States (US). A static Markov model was used to simulate three cohorts of individuals who are IC with cancer (time horizon of 30 years; one-year cycle length): hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, patients with breast cancer (BC; a solid tumor example), and patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL; a hematological malignancy example).

Incidence of Herpes Zoster in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in the United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To estimate the incidence of herpes zoster (HZ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with the general population in the USA.

Methods: This retrospective, longitudinal cohort study used data from an administrative claims database containing both commercial and Medicare Advantage Part D data, with a data period from October 2015 to February 2020. Patients were aged ≥ 18 years and divided into 2 cohorts: patients with RA and patients without RA.

Modeled impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated reduction in adult vaccinations on herpes zoster in the United States.

Due to COVID-19, vaccinations dropped in 2020 and 2021. We estimated the impact of reduced recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) use on herpes zoster (HZ) cases, complications, and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) losses among older adults. Various scenarios were compared with Markov models using data from national sources, clinical trials, and literature.

The impact of community pharmacy utilization of immunization information systems on vaccination rates: Results of a clustered randomized controlled trial.

Background: Adult immunization rates in the United States remain low. More convenient access to immunization information systems (IIS) may improve vaccination rates.

Objective: The objective of this multilevel, clustered, randomized controlled study was to measure the impact of providing pharmacists with software and training to query IIS for patient vaccine history/recommendations on adult influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, and Td/Tdap vaccination rates.

National and State-Level Composite Completion of Recommended Vaccines Among Adolescents in the United States, 2015-2018.

Background: Routine adolescent vaccination recommendations in the United States include tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, and human papillomavirus vaccines. Although coverage for these individual vaccines is known, limited data are available on composite completion for all three vaccines.

Methods: This cross-sectional analysis of pooled 2015-2018 National Immunization Survey-Teen data used logistic regression to estimate model-adjusted composite vaccination completion nationally and by state among United States adolescents aged 17 years.

Cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against four preventable diseases in older adults: Impact of an aging population.

Objective: This exploratory study estimates the economic value of the current vaccination program and increased coverage against four preventable diseases in older adults in the United States (US).

Methods: A population-based, age-structured economic model was used to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of vaccination against influenza, pertussis, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal disease among US adults aged 50 years and older, accounting for aging of the population. The model used separate decision trees for each disease to project the discounted number of vaccinated individuals, number of disease cases, and direct medical and indirect costs (2018 US$) over a 30-year period.

State-Level Variations and Factors Associated with Adult Vaccination Coverage: A Multilevel Modeling Approach.

Background: Adult vaccination rates in the USA are generally low and fall short of public health goals.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the effect of state-level characteristics on adult vaccination coverage in the USA.

Methods: This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective analysis of 2015-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data, conducted from March to October 2019 and including seasonal influenza; pneumococcal; tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); and herpes zoster (HZ) vaccines.

Meningococcal B vaccination coverage among older adolescents in the United States.

Background: Serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) vaccination recommendations for adolescents in the United States (US) include routine vaccination for all individuals at increased risk and vaccination for individuals not at increased risk aged 16-23 years (preferred age 16-18 years) based on shared clinical decision-making. The two licensed MenB vaccines require administration of ≥2 doses.

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 2017-2018 National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen) data to evaluate ≥1 dose and ≥2 dose MenB vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 17 years.

Impact of population aging on the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among older adults in the United States.

Despite vaccination recommendations, the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases remains high in older adults in the United States (US), contributing to substantial morbidity, mortality, and health care resource use and costs. To adequately plan for health care resource needs and to help inform vaccination policies, burden of disease projections that account for population aging over the coming decades are needed. As a first step, this exploratory study projects the burden of influenza, pertussis, herpes zoster, and pneumococcal disease in adults aged 50 y and older in the US, using a population-based modeling framework with separate decision trees for each vaccine-preventable disease.

The adult vaccination landscape in the United States during the Affordable Care Act era: Results from a large retrospective database analysis.

Background: Early provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) reduced financial barriers to preventive care, including routinely recommended vaccines; however, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. This study examined characteristics of routine adult vaccinations and potential missed opportunities for vaccinations through the lens of healthcare resource utilization among adults in the ACA era.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of healthcare claims from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters (CCAE), Medicare Supplemental (MS), and Multi-State Medicaid databases among adults aged 19 years or older.