Consensus-Based Recommendations for Designing, Delivering, Evaluating, and Reporting Exercise Intervention Research Involving People Living With a Spinal Cord Injury.

Objectives: To establish recommendations for designing, delivering, evaluating, and reporting exercise intervention research to improve fitness-related outcomes in people living with spinal cord injury (PwSCI).

Design: International consensus process.

Setting: (1) An expert panel was established consisting of 9 members of the governing panel of the International Spinal Cord Society Physical Activity Special Interest Group and 9 additional scientists who authored or co-authored ≥1 exercise randomized controlled trial paper involving PwSCI.

Gender differences in patient experience among persons with spinal cord injury: A comparison across 22 countries.

Background: Due to the majority of males within the population of persons with spinal cord injuries (SCI), a male-oriented perception of persons with SCI might affect care provision in the way of prioritizing male needs.

Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study is to describe the patient experience of persons with SCI by gender.

Methods: This study was based on the International Spinal Cord Injury Survey with 12,588 participants from 22 countries.

Correlates of physical activity in ambulatory people with spinal cord injury during the first year after inpatient rehabilitation.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Objectives: Examine the longitudinal association between mobility and level of physical activity (PA) and explore which other factors are also associated with level of PA in ambulatory people with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) during the first-year post-inpatient rehabilitation.

Setting: Three SCI-specialized rehabilitation centers and the Dutch community.

Incidence and Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Individuals With Acute Spinal Cord Injury: A Multi-national, Multi-center, Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To describe the occurrence of pneumonia in individuals with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and identify its key predictors.

Design: Multi-centric, longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: 10 specialized SCI rehabilitation units in Europe and Australia.

Economic benefit of co-regulation to manage aflatoxin risk in maize.

Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that occur naturally in the field among cereals, oilseeds, and nuts that may increase during storage. Texas grown maize, commonly referred as corn, has some of the highest aflatoxin levels in the US. In 2011, the Office of the Texas State Chemist (OTSC) collaborated with the Risk Management Agency (RMA) of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Texas grain industry to implement the state's first co-regulation governance option to manage aflatoxin risk.

Socioeconomic Status, the Countries' Socioeconomic Development and Mental Health: Observational Evidence for Persons with Spinal Cord Injury from 22 Countries.

Evidence on social inequalities in mental health of persons with physical impairments is limited. We therefore investigate associations of individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) and the country-level socioeconomic development (SED) with mental health in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). We analyzed data from 12,588 participants of the International SCI Community Survey from 22 countries.

Physical Health Conditions in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury Across 21 Countries Worldwide.

Objectives: To describe the 3-month prevalence and correlates of self-reported physical health conditions in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) worldwide.

Study Design: Multinational cross-sectional survey.

Subjects: Community-living persons with traumatic or non-traumatic SCI aged >18 years from 21 countries representing all the 6 World Health Organization regions.

Associations between meeting exercise guidelines, physical fitness, and health in people with spinal cord injury.

Purpose: (1) To estimate the proportion of Dutch wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) who meet different SCI exercise guidelines; (2) to evaluate which demographic and lesion characteristics are associated with meeting these guidelines; (3) whether meeting these guidelines is associated with physical fitness and health.

Materials And Methods: Based on the PASIPD questionnaire items, participants were allocated to meeting two SCI aerobic exercise guidelines, which differ in exercise load. Differences in personal, lesion, fitness, and health characteristics between groups were tested with a one-way ANOVA.

Respiratory function and respiratory complications in spinal cord injury: protocol for a prospective, multicentre cohort study in high-income countries.

Introduction: Pneumonia is one of the leading complications and causes of death after a spinal cord injury (SCI). After a cervical or thoracic lesion, impairment of the respiratory muscles decreases respiratory function, which increases the risk of respiratory complications. Pneumonia substantially reduces patient's quality of life, may prolong inpatient rehabilitation time, increase healthcare costs or at worse, lead to early death.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior From Discharge to 1 Year After Inpatient Rehabilitation in Ambulatory People With Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate changes in duration of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) from discharge to 1 year after inpatient rehabilitation in ambulatory people with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Longitudinal cohort study with objective measurements of physical behavior at discharge and at 6 and 12 months post discharge.

Setting: Three rehabilitation centers and the participant's home environment.

The Use of a Palliative Care Screening Tool to Improve Referrals to Palliative Care Services in Community-Based Hospitals: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Despite efforts to improve access to palliative care services, a significant number of patients still have unmet needs throughout their continuum of care. As such, this project was conducted to increase recognition of patients who could benefit from palliative care, increase referrals, and connect regional sites. This study utilized Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles through a quality improvement approach to develop and test the Palliative Care Screening Tool and aimed to screen 100% of patients within 24 hours who were admitted to selected units by February 2017.

Prevalence of parenthood in wheelchair-dependent persons with long-term spinal cord injury in the Netherlands.

Study Design: Multicenter  cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of parenthood in long-term wheelchair-dependent persons who sustained a spinal cord injury (SCI) during their reproductive years. Secondary aims were to (1) explore patient-specific and disease-related factors associated with parenthood after SCI; and (2) quantify fertility aids used by men with SCI.

Impaired respiratory function and associations with health-related quality of life in people with spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Follow-up measurement in a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To examine the prevalence of impaired respiratory function (pulmonary function and perceived respiratory function), the incidence of respiratory infection and the associations among these parameters in people with spinal cord injury (SCI) 5 years after initial inpatient rehabilitation. Second, we assessed associations between respiratory function and health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Longitudinal association between respiratory muscle strength and cough capacity in persons with spinal cord injury: An explorative analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To assess the longitudinal association between respiratory muscle strength and cough capacity in persons with recent spinal cord injury.

Design: Longitudinal analyses.

Subjects: Forty persons with recent spinal cord injury and impaired pulmonary function.

Resistive inspiratory muscle training in people with spinal cord injury during inpatient rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: People with spinal cord injury (SCI) may benefit from resistive inspiratory muscle training (RIMT). Current evidence is weak, and little is known about the effect on functional outcomes and long-term effects.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess immediate and long-term effects of RIMT in people with SCI.

Mountain time trial in handcycling: exercise intensity and predictors of race time in people with spinal cord injury.

Study Design: Cross-sectional analyses.

Objectives: To analyze exercise intensity during a mountain time trial in handcycling and to determine predictors of race time.

Setting: Eight Dutch rehabilitation centers and Austrian mountain.

Changes in pulmonary function during the early years after inpatient rehabilitation in persons with spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To describe changes in pulmonary function (PF) during the 5 years after inpatient rehabilitation in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to study potential determinants of change.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Eight rehabilitation centers with specialized SCI units.

A more active lifestyle in persons with a recent spinal cord injury benefits physical fitness and health.

Study Design: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To study the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured everyday physical activity level, and physical fitness and lipid profile in persons with a recent spinal cord injury (SCI).

Setting: A rehabilitation centre in the Netherlands and the participant's home environment.

Comparing content of therapy for people with a spinal cord injury in postacute inpatient rehabilitation in Australia, Norway, and The Netherlands.

Background: Research reports have described the contents of therapy in spinal cord injury (SCI) rehabilitation only as the total number of therapy hours. We developed the Spinal Cord Injury-Interventions Classification System (SCI-ICS) as a tool to classify therapy to improve mobility and self-care into 3 levels (body functions, basic activities, and complex activities) and 25 categories.

Objective: The purposes of this study were: (1) to compare specific contents and amount of therapy provided, with the aim of improving mobility and self-care for people with SCI in Australia, Norway, and the Netherlands and (2) to evaluate the use of the SCI-ICS outside the Netherlands.

Prospective analysis of body mass index during and up to 5 years after discharge from inpatient spinal cord injury rehabilitation.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the course of the body mass index (BMI) in persons with spinal cord injury during and after inpatient rehabilitation.

Design: Multi-centre longitudinal study.

Subjects: A total of 184 persons with spinal cord injury.

Contents of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and sports therapy sessions for patients with a spinal cord injury in three Dutch rehabilitation centres.

Purpose: To describe the contents of interventions to improve self-care and mobility for patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) in early post-acute rehabilitation, using the Spinal Cord Injury-Interventions Classification System (SCI-ICS), and to compare these interventions between rehabilitation centres. The SCI-ICS describes therapy to improve self-care and mobility at three levels of functioning and consists of 25 categories with a total of 139 different interventions.

Methods: Fifty-three physical therapists, occupational therapists and sports therapists of three Dutch SCI rehabilitation centres recorded interventions with the SCI-ICS for patients with SCI in early post-acute rehabilitation for four consecutive weeks.

Predicting respiratory infection one year after inpatient rehabilitation with pulmonary function measured at discharge in persons with spinal cord injury.

Objective: To determine whether pulmonary function at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation can predict respiratory infection in spinal cord injury in the first year after discharge, and to determine which pulmonary function parameter predicts best.

Design: Multicentre prospective cohort study.

Subjects: A total of 140 persons with spinal cord injury.

Reliability of a new classification system for mobility and self-care in spinal cord injury rehabilitation: the Spinal Cord Injury-Interventions Classification System.

Objective: To investigate the reliability of the Dutch version of the Spinal Cord Injury-Interventions Classification System.

Design: Descriptive study.

Setting: Three Dutch spinal cord injury facilities.