Photoinduced formation of a platina-α-lactone - a carbon dioxide complex of platinum. Insights from femtosecond mid-infrared spectroscopy.

The binding of carbon dioxide to a transition metal is a complex phenomenon that involves a major redistribution of electron density between the metal center and the triatomic ligand. The chemical reduction of the ligand reveals itself unambiguously by an angular distortion of the CO-molecule as a result of the occupation of an anti-bonding π-orbital and a shift of its antisymmetric stretching vibration, ν, to lower wavenumbers. Here, we generate a carbon dioxide complex of the heavier group-10 metal, platinum, by ultrafast electronic excitation and cleavage of CO from the photolabile oxalate precursor, oxaliplatin, and monitored the ensuing primary dynamics with ultrafast mid-infrared spectroscopy.

Expert Rater Agreement for Symptoms and Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Youth.

The diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) in young children has been a topic of debate, in part owing to varied interpretation of manic-like symptoms. We examined how expert academic clinicians participating in the pediatric bipolar biobank varied in their interpretation and application of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria and diagnoses. Study co-investigators reviewed 12 standardized narratives and for each marked a visual analog scale with their confidence in the presence of manic episodes and criteria.

Is it time to acknowledge intramucosal colorectal carcinoma?

Aim: The term 'intramucosal carcinoma' in the colorectum is controversial when used as a synonym for high-grade dysplasia. However, setting clear definitions for this diagnosis (i.e.

Two-dimensional fetal speckle tracking; a learning curve study for offline strain analysis.

Objectives: Two-dimensional speckle tracking (2D-STE) strain analysis holds promise for assessing fetal cardiac function. Understand the learning curve before introducing 2D-STE into obstetrics is crucial. This study examined the learning curve for offline analysis of fetal left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) using 2D-STE.

What Patients with Bipolar Disorder Need to Know about Lithium.

Lithium is the superior first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). Yet the percentage of patients receiving lithium is abysmally low, especially in the US. Since psychiatrists have failed to place lithium in its appropriate role, we make the case that patients with BD themselves need to be better educated about the unique characteristics and pre-eminence of the drug so that it can be used more often and appropriately.

Local control and toxicity after stereotactic radiotherapy in brain metastases patients and the impact of novel systemic treatments.

Background And Purpose: Treatment modalities for patients with brain metastases consist of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatments such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy. Although much is known about local control of brain metastases after radiotherapy and surgery alone, more understanding is needed of the additional effect of new systemic treatments. Our study presents real-world data about the combined effects of different local and systemic treatment strategies on local response of irradiated brain metastases.

Polymersomes with splenic avidity target red pulp myeloid cells for cancer immunotherapy.

Regulating innate immunity is an emerging approach to improve cancer immunotherapy. Such regulation requires engaging myeloid cells by delivering immunomodulatory compounds to hematopoietic organs, including the spleen. Here we present a polymersome-based nanocarrier with splenic avidity and propensity for red pulp myeloid cell uptake.

Estimating uncertainty when providing individual cardiovascular risk predictions: a Bayesian survival analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores provide point estimates of individual risk without uncertainty quantification. The objective of the current study was to demonstrate the feasibility and clinical utility of calculating uncertainty surrounding individual CVD-risk predictions using Bayesian methods.

Study Design And Setting: Individuals with established atherosclerotic CVD were included from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Cohort-Secondary Manifestations of ARTerial disease (UCC-SMART).

Diet quality, community food access, and glycemic control among nulliparous individuals with diabetes.

Better diet quality regardless of community food access was associated with a higher likelihood of glycemic control in early pregnancy among nulliparous individuals with pregestational diabetes. These findings highlight the need for interventions that address nutrition insecurity for pregnant individuals living with diabetes.

Genomic instability in non-breast or ovarian malignancies of individuals with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2.

Background: Individuals with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at a high risk of breast and ovarian carcinomas with BRCA1/2 deficiency and homologous recombination deficiency that can be detected by analysis of genome-wide genomic instability features such as large-scale state transitions, telomeric allelic imbalances, and genomic loss of heterozygosity. Malignancies with homologous recombination deficiency are more sensitive to platinum-based therapies and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. We investigated the fraction of non-breast or ovarian malignancies that have BRCA1/2 deficiency and genomic instability features.

Resilience After High-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Cohort Study on Quality of Life.

Background And Objectives: Treatment of patients who present with poor clinical condition is often postponed until neurological improvement is observed. Despite previous studies, it is still unclear how survivors perceive their quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate self-perceived QoL in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who present with poor clinical condition, as defined by World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grades 4 to 5, compared with those who present in more favorable clinical condition (WFNS 1-3).

Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Poor Outcome After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NfL), a biomarker reflecting neuro-axonal damage, may be useful in improving clinical outcome prediction after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). We explore the robust and additional value of NfL to neurologic and radiologic grading scales in predicting poor outcome after aSAH.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted in a single tertiary center, blood samples were collected of aSAH patients within 24 hours after ictus and before endovascular/surgical intervention.

Histopathological phenotyping of cancers in PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome for improved recognition: A single-center study.

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) has a broad clinical spectrum including various benign and malignant tumors at varying age of diagnosis. Many patients remain unrecognized, unaware of their increased cancer risk. We aimed to describe the cancer spectrum, age of onset and histopathological cancer characteristics to assess whether specific cancer characteristics could improve PHTS recognition.

Ultra-Early and Short-Term Tranexamic Acid Treatment in Patients With Good- and Poor-Grade Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: The results of the ULTRA trial showed that ultra-early and short-term treatment with tranexamic acid (TXA) does not improve clinical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Possibly, the lack of a beneficial effect in all patients with aSAH is masked by antagonistic effects of TXA in certain subgroups. In this post hoc subgroup analysis, we investigated the effect of TXA on clinical outcome in patients with good-grade and poor-grade aSAH.

Lower Switch Rate in Depressed Patients With Bipolar II Than Bipolar I Disorder Treated Adjunctively With Second-Generation Antidepressants.

Objectives: The authors compared the switch rate into hypomania/mania in depressed patients treated with second-generation antidepressants who had either bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.

Methods: In a 10-week trial, 184 outpatients with bipolar depression (134 with bipolar I disorder, 48 with bipolar II disorder, two with bipolar disorder not otherwise specified) were treated with one of three antidepressants as an adjunct to mood stabilizers. The patients' switch rates were assessed.

Progress towards elimination of onchocerciasis in the Region du Sud-Ouest of Burkina Faso which was previously subject to a recrudescence event after vector control.

Background: The Sud-Ouest region of Burkina Faso (especially the Bougouriba valley) has been historically problematic with respect to onchocerciasis control, with a recrudescence of infections after vector control carried out the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme was halted in 1989. After 1996, mass drug administration of ivermectin was instigated to control the recrudescence so that it would no longer constitute a public health problem. However, in 2010 WHO changed its recommended policy from control to elimination, and in 2013 biannual Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) was instigated.

Impact of time to start of tranexamic acid treatment on rebleed risk and outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Introduction: The ULTRA-trial investigated effectiveness of ultra-early administration of tranexamic acid (TXA) in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and showed that TXA reduces the risk of rebleeding without concurrent improvement in clinical outcome. Previous trials in bleeding conditions, distinct from SAH, have shown that time to start of antifibrinolytic treatment influences outcome. This post-hoc analysis of the ULTRA-trial investigates whether the interval between hemorrhage and start of TXA impacts the effect of TXA on rebleeding and functional outcome following aneurysmal SAH.

Cell division-dependent dissemination following E-cadherin loss underlies initiation of diffuse-type gastric cancer.

Loss of the cell-cell adhesion protein E-cadherin underlies the development of diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC), which is characterized by the gradual accumulation of tumor cells originating from the gastric epithelium in the surrounding stroma. How E-cadherin deficiency drives DGC formation remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the consequences of E-cadherin loss on gastric epithelial organization utilizing a human gastric organoid model and histological analyses of early-stage DGC lesions.

The complex circumstellar environment of supernova 2023ixf.

The early evolution of a supernova (SN) can reveal information about the environment and the progenitor star. When a star explodes in vacuum, the first photons to escape from its surface appear as a brief, hours-long shock-breakout flare, followed by a cooling phase of emission. However, for stars exploding within a distribution of dense, optically thick circumstellar material (CSM), the first photons escape from the material beyond the stellar edge and the duration of the initial flare can extend to several days, during which the escaping emission indicates photospheric heating.

Referral rate of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer and survival: outcomes of a multicentre retrospective study.

Background: Treatment outcomes of incidental gallbladder cancer generally stem from tertiary referral centres, while many patients are initially diagnosed and managed in secondary care centres. Referral patterns of patients with incidental gallbladder cancer are poorly reported. This study aimed to evaluate incidental gallbladder cancer treatment in secondary centres, rates of referral to tertiary centres and its impact on survival.

Bias of the additive hazard model in the presence of causal effect heterogeneity.

Hazard ratios are prone to selection bias, compromising their use as causal estimands. On the other hand, if Aalen's additive hazard model applies, the hazard difference has been shown to remain unaffected by the selection of frailty factors over time. Then, in the absence of confounding, observed hazard differences are equal in expectation to the causal hazard differences.