The Current State of the Protected Population in Russia: Hybridization and Nosematosis.

The Southern Urals of Russia are the habitat of one of the surviving populations of the dark forest bee-the Burzyan population of . In this study, we present the results of the subspecies identification of bee colonies in the Altyn-Solok Nature Reserve in the Southern Ural Mountains using the intergenic mtDNA COI-COII locus and the assessment of the prevalence of nosematosis. Analysis of the mtDNA intergenic locus in the studied sample showed that 30.

Authoritative subspecies diagnosis tool for European honey bees based on ancestry informative SNPs.

Background: With numerous endemic subspecies representing four of its five evolutionary lineages, Europe holds a large fraction of Apis mellifera genetic diversity. This diversity and the natural distribution range have been altered by anthropogenic factors. The conservation of this natural heritage relies on the availability of accurate tools for subspecies diagnosis.

Genetic markers for the resistance of honey bee to Varroa destructor.

In the mid-20th century, the first case of infection of European bees Apis mellifera L. with the ectoparasite mite Varroa destructor was recorded. The original host of this mite is the Asian bee Apis cerana.

[Seven genes of mitochondrial genome enabling differentiation of honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera].

On the basis of comparative sequence analysis of 12 honeybee mitochondrial genes, seven genes enabling us to differentiate honeybees subspecies of the A, M, C, O evolutionary lineages were found. Applying comparative sequence analysis of ND2 gene mtDNA as an example on a statistically valid sample size, we showed a high level of differentiating ability of this gene and assumed that each of these seven genes probably can be used for differentiation of the subspecies within four evolutionary lineages.

[Molecular genetic analysis of five extant reserves of black honeybee Apis melifera melifera in the Urals and the Volga region].

Local populations of the black honeybee Apis mellifera mellifera from the Urals and the Volga region were examined in comparison with local populations of southern honeybee subspecies A. m. caucasica and A.

[New Approach to the Mitotype Classification in Black Honeybee Apis mellifera mellifera and Iberian Honeybee Apis mellifera iberiensis].

The black honeybee Apis mellifera mellifera L. is today the only subspecies of honeybee which is suitable for commercial breeding in the climatic conditions of Northern Europe with long cold winters. The main problem of the black honeybee in Russia and European countries is the preservation of the indigenous gene pool purity, which is lost as a result of hybridization with subspecies, A.

[Analysis of the Genetic Structure of Honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) Populations].

The genetic structure of honeybee populations from the southern part of Bashkortostan was assessed based on an analysis of mtDNA (COI-COII locus) and five nuclear DNA microsatellite loci (Ap243, 4A110, A8, A113, and A28). The data indicate that the examined populations experience a deficit of heterozygotes despite intense interpedigree hybridization. It is suggested that there is a boundary between the population of Apis mellifera mellifera L.

[Genetic Differentiation of Local Populations of the Dark European Bee Apis mellifera mellifera L. in the Urals].

For the last two centuries, beekeepers in Russia and Europe have been introducing bees from the southern regions to the northern ones, subjecting the genetic pool of the dark European bee Apis mellifera mellifera L. subspecies to extensive hybridization. In order to reconfirm on the genetic level the previously published morphological data on the native bee population in the Urals, the Bashkortostan Republic, and the Perm Krai, we analyzed the polymorphism of the mitochondrial (mtDNA COI-COII intergenic locus) and nuclear (two microsatellite loci, ap243 and 4a110) DNA markers.

[New SNP markers of the honeybee vitellogenin gene (Vg) used for identification of subspecies Apis mellifera mellifera L].

Preservation of the gene pool of honeybee subspecies Apis mellifera mellifera is of vital importance for successful beekeeping development in the northern regions of Eurasia. An effective method of genotyping honeybee colonies used in modern science is the mapping of sites of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The honeybee vitellogenin gene (Vg) encodes a protein that affects reproductive function, behavior, immunity, longevity, and social organization in the honeybee Apis mellifera and is therefore a topical research subject.