The comparison of magnetic resonance and fluoroscopic imaging options in the preoperative assessment of boys with anorectal malformations and a colostomy.

Background: In recent decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained prominence as a standard diagnostic method for preoperative assessment in patients with anorectal malformations and a colostomy, with the potential to replace the classic fluoroscopic distal pressure colostogram (FDPC). Three MRI techniques are available: MRI-distal pressure colostogram with gadolinium (MRI-DPCG) or saline (MRI-DPCS) instillation into the colostomy and native MRI without colostomy instillation.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI (native MRI, MRI-DPCG and MRI-DPCS) in the preoperative workup of boys with an anorectal malformation and a colostomy and to compare it to FDPC.

Perioperative Histologically Controlled Fistula Resection in Patients with Imperforate Anus and Perineal Fistula.

Introduction:  Postoperative constipation (PC) in patients with imperforate anus and perineal fistula (PF) has been reported in up to 60%. Histological studies of PF revealed innervation anomalies which seem to be one of the reasons for PC. Perioperative histologically controlled fistula resection (PHCFR) allows appropriate resection of PF and pull-down normoganglionic rectum at the time of posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP).

Determinants of label non-adherence to non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation.

Aims: To evaluate the extent and determinants of off-label non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant (NOAC) dosing in newly diagnosed Dutch AF patients.

Methods And Results: In the DUTCH-AF registry, patients with newly diagnosed AF (<6 months) are prospectively enrolled. Label adherence to NOAC dosing was assessed using the European Medicines Agency labelling.

Surgical treatment of Crohns disease in children in the era of biological treatment.

Introduction: The incidence of Crohns disease in the paediatric population has been increasing and requires surgical treatment in addition to conservative therapy. While surgical treatment used to be the last step after the failure of all conservative therapies, nowadays it is a standard part of complex treatment. Surgery can enter the treatment process at any stage of the disease and, with a proper indication, timing and preoperative optimization, it can induce immediate remission in patients.

Management of ileocolic intussusception in the Czech Republic.

Introduction: Ileocolic intussusception is one of the most frequent causes of acute abdomen in infants and toddlers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment of ileocolic intussusception in the Czech Republic in 2019.

Methods: Fourteen departments of paediatric surgery participated in this multicentre retrospective study.

Predictive value of tissue calprotectin for disease recurrence after ileocecal resection in pediatric Crohn's disease.

Aim: Detection of possible predictive factors of endoscopic recurrence after ileocecal resection in Crohn's disease could be very beneficial for the individual adjustment of postoperative therapy. The aim of this study was to verify, whether immunohistochemical detection of calprotectin in resection margins is useful in diagnostics of endoscopic recurrence.

Methods: In this study we included pediatric patients with Crohn's disease who underwent ileocecal resection, regardless of pre-operative or post-operative therapy (n=48).

[Is one DOAC better than another?].

Real-world evidence is accumulating to support the idea that there are differences among the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The results of the study, discussed elsewhere in the NTvG, add to the growing body of evidence that while there is almost no difference in efficacy in prevention of the thromboembolic complications of non-valvular atrial fibrillation there are significant differences in safety. Apixaban is safer than rivaroxaban, with significantly less major bleeding, any bleeding or gastro-intestinal bleeding.

Lung Resection in Children with Necrotizing Pneumonia: Outcome and Follow-up.

Introduction:  The number of patients with necrotizing pneumonia has increased in recent years. The aim of this study is to review the incidence, management, and outcome of pediatric necrotizing pneumonia requiring surgical therapy and to prove that lung resection results in favorable development of patients. We hypothesize that overall lung function in children after lung resection does not differ from that of the healthy population.

Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children via PIRS (percutaneous internal ring suturing).

Introduction: The miniinvasive approach is a trend in pediatric surgery nowadays. The new surgical technique called percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) is a promising method bringing all the benefits of miniinvasive surgery.

Methods: Prospective study of patients operated on using the PIRS technique from 01 January 2018 to 01 January 2020 at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, University Hospital Motol.

Endoscopic Recurrence 6 Months After Ileocecal Resection in Children With Crohn Disease Treated With Azathioprine.

Objectives: Intestinal surgery is an important part of Crohn disease (CD) treatment in children. The aim of the present study was to compare the rate of endoscopic recurrence at the sixth month after ileocecal resection (ICR) in children with CD treated with azathioprine between patients who received prior antitumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) therapy and those who were not administered this therapy. Moreover, we tried to identify the potential risk factors for disease recurrence and describe the schedule of long-term follow-up after surgery.

RET variants and haplotype analysis in a cohort of Czech patients with Hirschsprung disease.

Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital aganglionosis of myenteric and submucosal plexuses in variable length of the intestine. This study investigated the influence and a possible modifying function of RET proto-oncogene's single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the development and phenotype of the disease in Czech patients. Genotyping of 14 SNPs was performed using TaqMan Genotyping Assays and direct sequencing.