Midwives and obstetricians' attitudes towards VBAC: Development and validation of the HCAV-scale.

Objective: To develop a scale that measures attitudes towards vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) among clinicians.

Methods: A cross sectional survey among midwives (n = 58) and obstetricians (n = 51). A 23-item "Hannover Clinicians' Attitudes towards VBAC scale" (HCAV-scale) was developed.

Lying Down after Premature Rupture of the Membranes in Term Singleton Pregnancies: An Evidence-Based Recommendation?

In many countries pregnant women in term singleton pregnancies are advised by obstetricians and midwives to lie down immediately after rupture of membranes until engagement of the foetal head is confirmed. The horizontal positioning aims to prevent the prolapse of the umbilical cord. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effects of the maternal lying down measure in term singleton pregnancies.

Surgery versus non-surgical management for unilateral ureteric-pelvic junction obstruction in newborns and infants less than two years of age.

Background: Unilateral ureteric-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of obstructive uropathy and may lead to renal impairment and loss of renal function. The current diagnostic approach with renal imaging cannot reliably determine which newborns and infants less than two years of age have a significant obstruction and are at risk for permanent kidney damage. There is therefore no consensus on optimal therapeutic management of unilateral UPJO.

Effects of N-, P/Q- and L-type calcium channel blockers on nociceptive neurones of the trigeminal nucleus with input from the dura.

In anaesthetized rats, extracellular recordings were made from neurones of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, involved in the processing of nociceptive input from the dura. Blockers of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) were administered topically to the exposed brainstem. Blockade of N-type (CaV2.

Dimethylthiourea, but not dimethylsulfoxide, reduces canine myocardial infarct size.

We studied the effect of treatment with two diffusible, low molecular weight scavengers of toxic oxygen metabolites, dimethylthiourea (DMTU) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), on canine infarcts caused by 90 min of ischemia and 3 h of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by incubating ventricular slices with triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Areas at risk were determined by autoradiography of 99Tc microspheres injected in vivo during ischemia and were similar (p greater than 0.