A do-it-yourself 3D-printed thoracic spine model for anesthesia resident simulation.

Central line placement, cricothyroidotomy, and lumbar epidural placement are common procedures for which there are simulators to help trainees learn the procedures. However, a model or a simulator for thoracic epidurals is not commonly used by anesthesia training programs to help teach the procedure. This brief technical report aims to share the design and fabrication process of a low-cost and do-it-yourself (DIY) 3D-printed thoracic spine model.

[Challenges of the use of antipsychotics in children and adolescents].

The more frequent prescription of antipsychotics with high proportion of off label use, in particular for children and adolescents, is seen in many countries, including European Union, United States and Russian Federation. In accordance to current clinical guidelines, second-generation antipsychotics are preferred in clinical practice due to the higher tolerability compared to the first-generation antipsychotics. However, second-generation antipsychotics in children and adolescents, especially in continuous use, are associated with cardiac abnormalities and metabolic disorders, including hyperglycemia, and the risk of type 2 diabetes, weight gain and obesity, an increase in prolactin synthesis and hyperlipidemia.

Design of a 3D-printed, open-source wrist-driven orthosis for individuals with spinal cord injury.

Assistive technology, such as wrist-driven orthoses (WDOs), can be used by individuals with spinal cord injury to improve hand function. A lack of innovation and challenges in obtaining WDOs have limited their use. These orthoses can be heavy and uncomfortable for users and also time-consuming for orthotists to fabricate.

[Substance abuse: a relationship with childhood traumas].

Childhood maltreatment contributes to poor mental and physical health and besides, in some cases, not only in early age but also throughout the life of the individual. Adverse effects of childhood trauma, along with depression, anxiety and other mental disorders, include predisposition to substance abuse. A reduction of child abuse may decrease the prevalence of mental disorders, including addictive disorders, and improve mental health.

[Diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder].

The authors consider historical and diagnostic aspects of the origin of the posttraumatic stress disorder diagnosis (PTSD). Different criteria of PTSD presented in diagnostic systems ICD-10 and DSM (from DSM-III to DSM-IV-TR) are analyzed. Attention is drawn to diagnostic definition of "acute stress disorder" (ASD) and its place in the dynamics of PTSD: ASD, acute PTSD, chronic PTSD.

Typology of post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents.

Results obtained from clinical and psychopathological studies of 161 patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) aged 3-18 years with symptom durations from one month to four years are presented. Four major clinical variants of the type of PTSD were identified in children and adolescents: insomniac( 34.8%), phobic (23.

[An indigenous conflict as an unfavorable type of delayed mass reaction to severe emotional stress].

The disturbance of interpersonal communication and stages of social conflict in people of Sydybyl (Yakutia) and Beslan (North Ossetia) after disaster with children death are considered. The basic psychological need of persons who lost their relatives during the disaster is a search for those guilty of the tragedy. As a consequence, a community splits into two groups, "victims" and "guilty".

[Typology of posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents].

The results of clinical and psychopathological study of 161 patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), aged 318 years, illness duration from 1 month to 4 years, are presented. Four main clinical PTSD variants (types) have been singled out in children and adolescents: insomniac (34.8%), phobic (23.

[Acute mental disorders in children and adolescents held as hostages by the terrorists in Beslan].

Stress reactions were studied in 92 children and adolescents held as hostages by the terrorists in Beslan (September, 2004). A special feature of mental trauma in this group of hostages is its extraordinary severity and duration, marked physical exhaustion and dehydration, a high proportion of small children, high frequency of burns, wounds and traumas. All the examinees demonstrated main signs of acute stress reactions (ASR): disturbed consciousness, psychomotor disorders, emotional disorders and autonomic changes.

[Clinical symptoms, pathopsychological peculiarities and mechanisms of biographic amnesia].

Clinical and pathopsychological analysis of 16 men, aged 15-53 years, was carried out. In premorbid stage, hysterical, hystero-epileptoid, schizoid, emotional-unstable features were found in 12 patients and personality accentuation--in 4 patients. There were the absence of marked cognitive disturbances and safety operational functions of intellect, i.

[Acute stress reactions in children and adolescents in emergency situations].

Psychological and psychiatric examination, along with medico-psychological assistance, have been conducted for 48 children and adolescents, aged 9-18 years, who have been saved during the fire. An examination was carried out on day 2-7 after the disaster. A diagnosis of acute stress reaction (ASR) was made using DSM-IV-TR criteria with definition of 4 groups of symptoms: recurrent trauma surviving, avoidant symptoms, elevated excitability and dissociated symptoms.

[Chronic nonspecific lung diseases, immunological deficiency and the means of its correction].

Ninety-eight patients with different patterns of chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases (CNPD) were examined for thymus-dependent immunity. The clinical manifestations of T lymphocyte dysfunction included a torpid recurrent inflammatory process in the respiratory system, respiratory viral infections, short-term efficacy of antibacterial drugs. The patients demonstrated a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes, in production of immune interferon, and in secretion of serum thymic humoral factor.