Intermittent Hypoxia/Hyperoxia Versus Intermittent Hypoxia/Normoxia: Comparative Study in Prediabetes.

Intermittent hypoxia/normoxia training (IHT) is considered a possible means to alleviate chronic diseases such as diabetes. In the last decade, another method of intermittent hypoxia/hyperoxia training (IHHT) began to enter the clinical practice, when the periods of breathing with atmospheric air are replaced by breathing a hyperoxic mixture. The present study compared the impact of adaptation to IHHT versus IHT on some metabolic variables in prediabetic patients.

Effects of intermittent hypoxia training on leukocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK-1) mRNA expression and blood insulin level in prediabetes patients.

Purpose: Intermittent hypoxia training/treatment (IHT) is an emerging therapeutic approach to alleviate chronic diseases, such as diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of IHT on blood leucocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK-1) mRNA expression and its relationship with the changes in blood insulin level.

Methods: Seven adult healthy volunteers and 11 prediabetic patients participated in this study.

Liver mitochondrial respiratory plasticity and oxygen uptake evoked by cobalt chloride in rats with low and high resistance to extreme hypobaric hypoxia.

High-altitude intolerance and consequently high-altitude sickness, is difficult to predict. Liver is an essential organ in glucose and lipid metabolism, and may play key role in the adaptation to high altitude. In response to extreme high altitude, mitochondrial respiration exhibits changes in substrate metabolism, mitochondrial electron transport chain activity, and respiratory coupling.

Intermittent hypoxia training in prediabetes patients: Beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, hypoxia tolerance and gene expression.

The present study aimed at examining beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) under prediabetic conditions. We investigate the effects of three-week IHT on blood glucose level, tolerance to acute hypoxia, and leukocyte mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes, i.e.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of cerium dioxide nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of silica nanoparticles in rat experimental pneumonia.

A massage with the potent counter-inflammatory material, cerium dioxide nanoparticles, is promising and the antioxidant properties of CeO are considered the main, if not the only, mechanism of this action. Nevertheless, the elimination of ceria nano-particles from the organism is very slow and there is a strong concern for toxic effect of ceria due to its accumulation. To overcome this problem, we engineered a combined material in which cerium nanoparticles were immobilized on the surface of silica nanoparticles (CeO NP), which is shown to be easily removed from an organism and could be used as carriers for nano-ceria.

[Phase changes of energy metabolism during adaptation to immobilization stress].

In stress, it was showed the organ and tissue changes associated with damage by lipid peroxides, and the disrupted barrier function. As a consequence, it was to lead to a syndrome of "stress-induced lung" and violation of oxygen delivery to the tissues and hypoxia. Purpose of the study was to investigate the dynamics of changes in gas exchange, blood glucose, body temperature, oxidant and antioxidant system activity, as well as mitochondrial respiration by Chance under the influence of chronic stress (6-hour immobilization daily for 3 weeks).

[The effect of mild hypobaric hypoxia regime on expression of factor induced by hypoxia in the rat neocortex].

Using quantitative immunohistochemistry, modifications of HIF-1alpha expression in neocortex of rats exposed to various modes of mild hypobaric hypoxia (MHH) (1,3 and 6 episodes) differed in their neuroprotective efficacy have been studied. It has been shown that three-trial MHH being the most effective neuroprotective mode when used as a preconditioning produces most considerable changes in HIF-1 by substantial up-regulation of its regulatory alpha-subunit expression in the rat neocortex. Present findings support the hypothesis on important roles of HIF-1 in the mechanisms of brain hypoxic tolerance induced by the hypoxic preconditioning with three-trial MHH.

[Involvement of transcriptional factor induced by hypoxia in the neuronal mechanisms of adaptation to psychoemotional and hypoxic stress].

Using quantitative immunohistochemistry, neuronal expression of alpha-subunit of the transcriptional factor HIF-1 in hippocampus and neocortex of rats in response to pathogenic psychoemotional (model of posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD) and hypoxic (severe hypobaric hypoxia, 180 Torr, 3 h), as well as to neuroprotective exposures to hypoxic pre- and postconditioning has been studied. Elongated overexpression of HIF-1alpha in hippocampus and neocortex of rats in response to the psychoemotional stress in PTSD paradigm, but not hypoxic stress, has been observed. Hypoxic pre- and postconditioning with mild hypobaric hypoxia (360 Torr, 2 h, 3 trials spaced at 24 h), those induced adaptation to the psychoemotional stress, abolished the elongated HIF-1alpha overexpression.

[Continuous adaptation of rats to hypobaric hypoxia prevents stressor hyperglycemia and optimizes mitochondrial respiration under acute hypoxia].

Oxygen consumption, glucose blood level and liver mitochondrial respiration were investigated in male Wistar rats permanently living in middle altitude (2100 m, Elbrus region). The animals were characterized by reduced body oxygen consumption and blood glucose level, as well as by intensified utilization of NAD-dependent substrates in mitochondrial respiratory chain with increasing indices of ADP-stimulated respiration in comparison with plains rats. As a result of adaptive rebuilding of oxidative metabolism in rats--inhabitants of midlands, the nature and severity of metabolic responses to acute hypoxia were also changed.

[Phase changes in energy metabolism during periodic hypoxia].

Male Wistar rats were exposed to periodic hypobaric hypoxia (PHH), by "lifting" in barochamber at "altitude" 5600 m for 1 h every 3 days (6 séances). The dynamics of changes in oxygen consumption (VO2), and body temperature (Tm), as well as in HIF-1alpha and HIF-3alpha gene expression, and mitochondrial respiration in the ventricles of the heart was studied. On the basis of the data we identified four phases of the physiological changes.

[Changes in the local nonspecific immune response to post-traumatic inflammation during treatment].

Clinical investigation have been done in adult patients with broken mandible during 3 weeks of conservative treatment with aluminum splints (1st group, n = 17) or steel splints (2nd group, n = 16) in comparison with health adults (control group, n = 18). The neutrophil emigration into alterative locus and their degranulation as well as phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils were tested. It was found that aluminum splint application caused the intensive inflammation and then the depression of local host defense reactions.

[Two types of gas exchange disorders in children with bronchial asthma].

The main parameters of gas exchange, respiration and hemodynamics have been studied in children aged 9-14 during the acute period of bronchial asthma. Two types of gas exchange disturbances (hyperreactive type characterized by O2 consumption increase, and hyporeactive one--by O2 consumption decrease) have been revealed in the beginning of the acute period. It is shown that by the end of this period the O2 consumption has normalized in children of both groups and has become the same as in in healthy ones.