Features of gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease in children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objectives: Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) commonly affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract among children who undergo hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Studies concerning GI-acute GVHD (aGVHD) in developing countries are limited. Therefore, our aims were (1) to demonstrate clinical characteristics, endoscopic and histopathological findings in children with GI-aGVHD post-HSCT and (2) to compare features, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of children with GI-aGVHD versus non GI-aGVHD.

Outcome of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asian Children: A Multinational One-year Follow-up Study.

Background: Epidemiological data on pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) have been reported in Asian countries. However, short-term follow-up data, especially in Southeast Asian countries, are limited.

Purpose: Analyze and compare the baseline and 1-year follow-up (1FU) data for PIBD in Asian children.

Postoperative hypoalbuminemia and outcomes of pediatric liver transplantation.

Background: Hypoalbuminemia after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and poor outcomes in adult LT recipients. This study was performed to examine the association between the postoperative serum albumin level and early postoperative outcomes of LT in children.

Methods: This single-center retrospective review involved pediatric LT recipients (0-18 years old) treated from January 2013 to June 2020.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Vertebral Fractures in Children with Chronic Liver Disease with and without Liver Transplantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of vertebral fracture (VF) in children with chronic liver disease (CLD) with and without liver transplantation (LT) and to determine the associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients aged 3-21 years with CLD both before and after LT were enrolled in the study.

Multicenter registry of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease from a developing country.

Background: Despite the rising incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) globally, multicenter collaborative studies of PIBD children among developing countries remain sparse. We therefore aimed to define the initial presentation and short-term outcomes of Thai children with PIBD from a multicenter registry.

Methods: Four teaching hospitals participated in this study.

Acute pancreatitis in childhood - a comparative international study and tale of two cities.

Backgrounds: To compare factor(s) contributing to aetiology, management and clinical outcome(s) of paediatric patients acquiring acute pancreatitis (AP) at two major university paediatric surgical centres in Liverpool and Bangkok.

Methods: All patients (<18 years) with an index diagnosis of AP (ICD 10 coding) during 2006-2016 were studied.

Results: 121 patients included n = 79 (65.

Clinical manifestations and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 among pediatric liver transplant recipients in the delta and omicron variant pandemic: A retrospective study.

To determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children who underwent liver transplantation (LT). A retrospective study was conducted at a transplant center in Thailand to include LT recipients aged < 18 years who had been infected with COVID-19. Out of a total of 54 children, there were 31 probable cases (57.

Prediction of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in young children.

Background: Many children respond to medical treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, some may require invasive intervention for refractory disease. Due to the lack of prognostic tools in children, this study aimed to develop a predictive model for refractory GERD.

Nonallergic Diseases Associated With Foods.

Clinicians are faced with evaluating real and alleged reactions to foods that may be allergic or nonallergic. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of various non-IgE-mediated diseases are discussed in this review. These food-related conditions range from mild to severe.

PCR-based versus conventional stool tests in children with diarrhea who underwent solid organ transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Infectious diarrhea is a common problem among post-transplant recipients. Compared to conventional tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based stool tests have been shown to improve diagnostic yield but the aforementioned data in children remain limited. Our aims were to assess the detection rate of PCR-based tests in post-transplant children and compare with the conventional tests; and to investigate how these stool tests help in managing these children.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of liver transplantation in biliary atresia according to the severity of end-stage liver disease.

Background: Timing for liver transplantation (LT) in biliary atresia (BA) children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) is associated with all-cause mortality. The cut-off value of pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score for LT consideration varies across institutions. We aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of LT to prevent death among BA children registered on the waiting list with different severities of ESLD.

Higher milk consumption is associated with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.

Background & Aims: Studies have determined that people with genetically defined lactase non-persistence have lower dairy intake that may lead to an increase risk of various non-communicable diseases. Furthermore, lactase non-persistence itself has been associated with insulin resistance. However, data on lactase non-persistence status and dairy intake in developing countries are sparse.

Cost-effectiveness of therapeutic infant formulas for cow's milk protein allergy management.

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is children's most common food allergy. Therapeutic infant formulas for CMPA lead to symptom-free and potentially benefit early tolerance induction and reducing the allergic march in non-breastfed babies. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of CMPA management with different therapeutic infant formulas in Thailand, which may reflect situations in developing countries throughout Asia.

Paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy in the Asian-Pacific region: Recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.

There has been a rapid expansion in the knowledge of paediatric gastroenterology over the recent decade, with a fast-growing repertoire of diagnostic techniques and management strategies for a wide spectrum of childhood gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. Paediatric GI endoscopy is a core competency every paediatric gastroenterologist should possess, and represents one of the most common procedures performed in children for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Yet there remains a dearth of literature on the utility and outcomes of paediatric GI endoscopy in the Asia-Pacific region.

Mistreatment in paediatric residency programs in Thailand: a national survey.

Background And Aims: Mistreatment in the learning environment is associated with adverse outcomes for residents. Most studies with that regard have been performed in western countries which may have different socio-cultural background and educational and training systems than the non-Western Asian countries. This study aimed (1) to determine the national prevalence of mistreatment in Thai paediatric residents and a correlation with the risk for burnout and other factors and (2) to launch a mistreatment awareness program (MAP) in our training program.

Risk factors of cytomegalovirus infection after pediatric liver transplantation and effectiveness of preemptive therapy.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common infection following pediatric liver transplantation (LT). Preemptive therapy (PET) is an approach to initiate antiviral treatment for asymptomatic early CMV viremia detected by surveillance testing. However, data on CMV infection after PET are scarce, and the optimal cut-off remains controversial.

Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus after pediatric liver transplantation.

Background: Southeast Asia is the endemic area of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of the virus, its association, and the prevalence of chronic infection after pediatric liver transplantation (LT).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Bangkok, Thailand.

Efficacy of Bacillus clausii in Pediatric Functional Constipation: A Pilot of a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus clausii in the treatment of pediatric constipation.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted from January, 2021 to January, 2022 in children aged 1-5 years diagnosed with functional constipation according to Rome IV criteria. They were assigned to receive either B.

Pregnancy- and birth-related risk factors for the development of childhood celiac disease.

Aim: To evaluate whether pregnancy and birth-related factors are associated with celiac disease (CD) in a large, United States (US)-based mother-child cohort.

Methods: We analysed data gathering from the Massachusetts General Hospital Maternal Child Cohort (MMCC) of children born between 1998 and 2016. Data included the mode of delivery, maternal pregnancy and their offspring characteristics.

Medical Management of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD) in the Asia Pacific Region: A Position Paper by the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) PIBD Working Group.

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rising rapidly in many industrialised and affluent areas in the Asia Pacific region. Current available guidelines, mainly from Europe and North America, may not be completely applicable to clinicians caring for children with PIBD in this region due to differences in disease characteristics and regional resources constraints. This position paper is an initiative from the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) with the aim of providing an up-to-date, evidence-based approach to PIBD in the Asia Pacific region, taking into consideration the unique disease characteristics and financial resources available in this region.

Acute Pancreatitis in Childhood: A 10-Year Experience From A Thai University Surgical Center.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe etiology, management, and health outcomes of children developing acute pancreatitis at a tertiary Thailand pediatric surgery center.

Methods: Medical case records of all index cases during 2006-2016 were analyzed and reported.

Results: There were 42 male and 37 female patients, with a mean (standard deviation) age of 10.

Early postoperative duplex ultrasound findings of the hepatic artery in postoperative vascular complications from paediatric liver transplantation.

Purpose: To evaluate duplex US findings of the HA in all three postoperative vascular (HA, PV, HV and IVC) complications of paediatric LT for early detection and some helpful secondary signs to determine these vascular complications.

Materials And Methods: We collected data from 44 post-LT paediatric patients who underwent daily duplex US for seven consecutive days and three months after LT during January 2017-June 2020. Four duplex US parameters of the HA (extrahepatic PSV, intrahepatic PSV, RI and AT) were compared in patients with and without complications.