Associations of and genetic polymorphisms with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in Thai people living with human immunodeficiency virus.

Background: The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident.

Aim: To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH.

Associations between UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and susceptibility to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in Thai population.

Hyperbilirubinemia is the main mechanism that causes neonatal jaundice, and genetics is one of the risk factors of hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, this study aims to explore the correlation between two genes, UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1, and hyperbilirubinemia in Thai neonates. One hundred thirty seven neonates were recruited from Division of Clinical Chemistry, Ramathibodi Hospital.

Association of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme and Transporter Gene Polymorphisms and Lipid-Lowering Response to Statins in Thai Patients with Dyslipidemia.

Purpose: Statins are increasingly widely used in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, there is an inter-individual variation in statin response among patients. The study aims to determine the association between genetic variations in drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter (DMET) genes and lipid-lowering response to a statin in Thai patients with hyperlipidemia.

Association of Gene Variants with Atherogenic Dyslipidemia Among Thai Patients Treated with Statin.

Objective: Patients treated with statins for dyslipidemia may still have a residual risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To determine whether genetic variants in the cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP), rs3764261 (C>A), rs708272 (G>A), and rs12149545 (G>A) affect ASCVD risk, we studied the association of these variants with dyslipidemia in statin-treated patients.

Patients And Methods: We included 299 adult Thai patients treated with a statin (95 men and 204 women).

Genetic Variations and Frequencies of the Two Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of in the Thai Population.

Aim: To investigate the variations and the frequencies of the gene in the Thai population.

Methods: Collected samples were categorized into five regions of Thailand. DNA samples were genotyped for two variants, c.

Association between polymorphisms of and genes and risperidone- or clozapine-induced hyperglycemia.

Objective: To determine whether genetic polymorphisms related to pharmacodynamics with metabolic adverse effects, namely leptin promoter () rs7799039, leptin receptor rs1137101, dopamine D2 rs4436578, serotonin 5-HT2A rs6313, and serotonin 5-HT2C rs518147 and rs12836771, are associated with hyperglycemia induced by risperidone or clozapine in adult Thai patients with psychosis.

Methods: A total of 180 patients treated with risperidone-based (=130) or clozapine-based (=50) regimens were included in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for genotyping of the candidate genes and biochemical testing.

Performance of body mass index and percentage of body fat in predicting cardiometabolic risk factors in Thai adults.

Background: Body mass index (BMI) and percentage of body fat (PBF) are used to measure obesity; however, their performance in identifying cardiometabolic risk in Southeast Asians is unclear. Generally, Asian women have higher PBF and lower BMI than do men and other ethnic populations. This study was conducted to address whether a discord exists between these measures in predicting obesity-related cardiometabolic risk in a Thai population and to test whether associations between the measures and risk factors for cardiovascular disease have a sex-specific inclination.

Pharmacogenetics of Risperidone-Induced Insulin Resistance in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of genetic polymorphism of genes related to pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics with insulin resistance in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and treated with risperidone. All 89 subjects underwent measurement of fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, body-weight and height. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (pharmacokinetics genes: cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) *4 (rs3892097), *5 (gene deletion), *10 (rs1065852) and *41 (rs28371725), ATP-binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1) 2677 G>T/A (rs2032582) and 3435C>T (rs1045642) and pharmacodynamics genes: dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) Tag-SNP (C>T) (rs4436578), DRD2 Tag1A (C>T) (rs1800497), leptin gene (LEP) -2548G>A (rs7799039), ghrelin gene (GHRL) -604G>A (rs27647) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 196G>A (rs6265)).

Impact of risperidone on leptin and insulin in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of dose and duration of risperidone treatment on cardiovascular and diabetes risk biomarkers in children and adolescents with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs).

Design And Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, a total of 168 ASDs patients (89% male) treated with a risperidone-based regimen for ≥12months were included. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose and lipid metabolic markers, adiponectin, leptin, prolactin, cortisol and high sensitive C-reactive protein.

Hyperuricemia in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Treated with Risperidone: The Risk Factors for Metabolic Adverse Effects.

Atypical antipsychotics have been found to be associated with hyperuricemia. Risperidone, one of the atypical antipsychotics, might be related to the hyperuricemia among autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in ASD patients treated with risperidone and to determine associations between serum uric acid levels and risperidone dosage, treatment duration, and metabolic parameters.

9-Hydroxyrisperidone-Induced Hyperprolactinaemia in Thai Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Although our previous study revealed an association between prolactin level and risperidone dosage, data regarding the plasma concentration of risperidone are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between plasma drug concentrations of risperidone, 9-hydroxyrisperidone and serum prolactin level in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The individuals for this study were 103 children and adolescents with ASD (90 males and 13 females).

Hyperprolactinemia in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder treated with risperidone.

Hyperprolactinemia is a common adverse effect observed in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during pharmacotherapy with risperidone. The main aim of this study was to investigate important clinical factors influencing the prolactin response in risperidone-treated Thai ASD. A total of 147 children and adolescents (127 males and 20 females) aged 3-19 years with ASD received risperidone treatment (0.

Small-dense LDL/large-buoyant LDL ratio associates with the metabolic syndrome.

Objective: Heterogeneous particles of intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) vary in atherogenesis. We investigated the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) score and lipoprotein subclasses.

Design And Methods: A total of 260 outpatients were scored into six groups, based on their number of MetS components.

Polymorphisms of the ApoE (Apolipoprotein E) gene and their influence on dyslipidemia in HIV-1-infected individuals.

The purpose of this retrospective case-control study was to investigate the frequency of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphisms and their influence on antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced lipodystrophy or dyslipidemia in HIV-infected Thai patients. The clinical characteristics and frequencies of ApoE genotypes were compared between the case (moderate to severe lipodystrophy, n = 67) and control (absent to mild lipodystrophy, n = 18) groups. The ApoE genotype frequencies among the 85 participants were 2.

Comparison of a direct enzymatic assay and polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis for measurement of small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Background: Small, dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) has been linked to the progression of cardiovascular disease. We compared two methods for determination of sdLDL-C, a direct enzymatic (ENZ) method and a polyacrylamide tube gel electrophoresis (PGE) assay, and investigated the associations of both sdLDL-C measurements with metabolic syndrome.

Methods: We analyzed 242 patient sera for sdLDL and atherosclerosis-related markers.

Small-dense LDL cholesterol/large-buoyant LDL cholesterol ratio as an excellent marker for indicating lipodystrophy in HIV-infected patients.

Objectives: To examine whether the lipid parameters are predicting factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lipodystrophy.

Methods: Whole-body fat compositions of HIV-positive patients receiving stavudine-containing antiretroviral regimens (n = 79) were determined. Lipodystrophy was defined as a ratio of trunk fat mass/lower limb fat mass greater than 2.

Heterogeneous properties of intermediate- and low-density lipoprotein subpopulations.

Objective: Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) consist of heterogeneous particles whose subpopulations may have different atherogenic characteristics. This study investigated the associations between these subpopulations and other lipids, lipoproteins and atherosclerosis-related markers.

Design And Methods: A total of 416 subjects (124 males and 292 females, mean age: 50.

Porcine pancreas: a superior source of cholesterol esterase for total serum cholesterol assay by the enzymatic kinetic method.

Background: Accurate determination of cholesterol requires complete hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters and must be very fast for the kinetic cholesterol assay. We investigated the properties of cholesterol esterase derived from Pseudomonas fluorescens, Candida cylindracea, bovine pancreas, and porcine pancreas for cholesterol determination in human serum.

Methods: Optimization of four enzymes and effect of sodium cholate concentration were performed.

Estimation of plasma small dense LDL cholesterol from classic lipid measures.

Calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (cLDL-C) may differ from direct measurement (dLDL-C), and this difference may depend on presence of small, dense LDL (sdLDL) particles in addition to variation in triglycerides (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. The presence of such dependence would offer a simple means to estimate sdLDL. We studied dependence of sdLDL on cLDL-C, dLDL-C, and other variables.

The effect of renal dysfunction on BNP, NT-proBNP, and their ratio.

We examined the effect of renal dysfunction on B-natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal (NT)-proBNP, and their molar ratio at varying severities of cardiac function in 94 Thai patients with chest pain (52 men; 32 women), also measuring creatinine and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Renal function was classified into 5 stages by estimated glomerular filtration rate. The molar NT-proBNP/BNP ratio was calculated.

Implementation of cellulomonas cholesterol oxidase for total serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method.

Cellulomonas has been shown to be a good source of cholesterol oxidase in addition to Streptomyces for serum cholesterol determination by the endpoint method, inexpensive in cost, and showing excellent performance. For clinical use, we have assessed the reliability of Cellulomonas reagent for cholesterol determination. We constructed the user-defined endpoint methods on three automated analyzers.

Advantages and disadvantages of serum cholesterol determination by the kinetic vs the end point method.

Enzymatic assays for cholesterol determination can use an end point or a kinetic method. We evaluated and compared the performance of these methods. We constructed user-defined methods on 3 automated analyzers using Streptomyces cholesterol reagents to evaluate the analytic performance of both methods.

Using the single-compartment ratio model to calculate half-life, NT-proBNP as an example.

Background: The single-compartment model offers a simple way to calculate the half-life of a compound if it is secreted or injected at the known rate compared with another compound whose half-life is known. This model may be easier to use than the exponential decay model. Investigators disagree on the value of the half-life of NT-proBNP, with published values ranging from 70 to 120 min.

The clearance of BNP modeled using the NT-proBNP-BNP relationship.

Background: The ventricular myocardium simultaneously secretes two natriuretic peptides useful in the evaluation of heart failure: BNP, hormonally active, and NT-proBNP, the N-terminal end, non-hormonally active, but ultimately their concentrations differ and their clearance patterns are poorly defined.

Methods: We measured NT-proBNP and BNP in patients with and without heart failure and compared their concentrations using regression analysis.

Results: The relationship between NT-proBNP with BNP is nonlinear.