Impact of AbaI mutation on virulence, biofilm development, and antibiotic susceptibility in Acinetobacter baumannii.

The quorum sensing (QS) system mediated by the abaI gene in Acinetobacter baumannii is crucial for various physiological and pathogenic processes. In this study, we constructed a stable markerless abaI knockout mutant (ΔabaI) strain using a pEXKm5-based allele replacement method to investigate the impact of abaI on A. baumannii.

Unveiling the Antimicrobial, Anti-Biofilm, and Anti-Quorum-Sensing Potential of Linn. Leaf Extract against : An Integrated In Vitro-In Silico Investigation.

Antimicrobial resistance poses a global health threat, with emerging as a notorious pathogen capable of forming stubborn biofilms and regulating virulence through quorum sensing (QS). In the quest for novel therapeutic strategies, this groundbreaking study unveils the therapeutic potential of Linn., an Asian medicinal plant containing various bioactive compounds, contributing to its antimicrobial activities, in the battle against .

Isolation and characterisation of a novel Silviavirus bacteriophage promising antimicrobial agent against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections.

The increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emphasises the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents as alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy is one of the most promising antimicrobial strategies. Here, we isolated and comprehensively characterized a novel Staphylococcus phage, vB_SauM_VL10 (VL10), from urban sewage.

Type VI Secretion System Accessory Protein TagAB-5 Promotes Pathogenicity in Human Microglia.

Central nervous system (CNS) melioidosis caused by is being increasingly reported. Because of the high mortality associated with CNS melioidosis, understanding the underlying mechanism of pathogenesis in the CNS needs to be intensively investigated to develop better therapeutic strategies against this deadly disease. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a multiprotein machine that uses a spring-like mechanism to inject effectors into target cells to benefit the infection process.

Roles of Intracellular Motility A (BimA) in Infection of Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line.

The bacterial pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei causes human melioidosis, which can infect the brain, leading to encephalitis and brain abscesses. Infection of the nervous system is a rare condition but is associated with an increased risk of mortality. intracellular motility A (BimA) was reported to play an important role in the invasion and infection of the central nervous system in a mouse model.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Investigation of Carbapenem-Resistant in Maharaj Nakhon Si Thammarat Hospital, Thailand.

(1) Background: is well known as a causative agent of severe hospital-acquired infections, especially in intensive care units. The present study characterised the genetic traits of biofilm-forming carbapenem-resistant (CRAB) clinical isolates. Additionally, this study determined the prevalence of biofilm-producing isolates from a tertiary care hospital and investigated the association of biofilms with the distribution of biofilm-related and antibiotic resistance-associated genotypes.

Phylogenetic analysis and antibiotic resistance of isolated from wild and domestic animals at an agricultural land interface area of Salaphra wildlife sanctuary, Thailand.

Background And Aim: Domestic and wild animals are important reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study aimed to isolate from feces of domestic and wild animals at an agricultural land interface area of Salaphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, and study the phylogenic characteristics and antibiotic resistance in these isolates.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, we randomly collected ground feces from free-ranging wild animals (deer and elephants) and domestic animals (cattle and goats).

Cycle-Inhibiting Factor Is Associated with Invasion in Human Neuronal Cells.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a pathogenic bacterium that causes human melioidosis, which is associated with a high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis are largely unknown.

Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and biofilm formation capacity of spp. and spp. isolated from raw seafood marketed in Bangkok, Thailand.

Background And Aim: Bacteria of the genera and cause seafood-borne zoonoses, which may have a significant impact on food safety, economy, and public health worldwide. The presence of drug-resistant and biofilm-forming phenotypes in the food chain increases the risk for consumers. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics, virulence, biofilm production, and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens isolated from seafood markets in Bangkok, Thailand.

Development of a Rapid Reverse Transcription-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Couple Nucleic Acid Lateral Flow Method for Detecting Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection is an important acute diarrheal disease of swine that results in economic and industrial losses worldwide. The clinical manifestations in infected piglets are severe diarrhea, dehydration with milk curd indigestion, leading to death. The diagnosis of PEDV is essential for monitoring and managing the disease.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Non-Typhoidal from Retail Foods Marketed in Bangkok, Thailand.

Nontyphoidal- bacteria cause foodborne gastroenteritis that may lead to fatal bacteremia, osteomyelitis, and meningitis if not treated properly. The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains is a global public health threat. Regular monitoring of genotypes and phenotypes of isolated from humans, animals, foods, and environments is mandatory for effective reduction and control of this food-borne pathogen.

Burkholderia pseudomallei pathogenesis in human skin fibroblasts: A Bsa type III secretion system is involved in the invasion, multinucleated giant cell formation, and cellular damage.

Burkholderia pseudomallei-a causative agent of melioidosis that is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia-is a Gram-negative bacterium transmitted to humans via inhalation, inoculation through skin abrasions, and ingestion. Melioidosis causes a range of clinical presentations including skin infection, pneumonia, and septicemia. Despite skin infection being one of the clinical symptoms of melioidosis, the pathogenesis of B.

Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) Isolates of Prapokklao Hospital, Chanthaburi Province, Thailand.

Background: The global spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) inflicts a severe threat to human health. The CRE infections have resulted in an increased mortality rate in hospitals and other health-care settings worldwide. In this study, the antibiotic-resistance pattern and prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes among CRE isolated from patients of one hospital in Thailand were investigated.

Genotyping of non-polio enteroviruses associated with acute flaccid paralysis in Thailand in 2013 and 2014.

Background: Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance was conducted as part of the World Health Organization's strategy for completely eradicating poliomyelitis and leaving non-polio enteroviruses NPEVs as one of the main potential causes of AFP. We aimed to detect NPEV in association with AFP.

Methods: We used 459 isolates reported to be Negative Polio and some NPEVs by the World Health Organization Polio Regional Reference Laboratory (Thailand), which had been obtained during polio surveillance programmes conducted in Thailand in 2013-2014.

Human Single-Chain Antibodies That Neutralize Elastolytic Activity of LasB.

LasB (elastase/pseudolysin) is an injurious zinc-metalloprotease secreted by the infecting . LasB is recognized as the bacterial key virulence factor for establishment of successful infection, acquisition of nutrients, dissemination, tissue invasion, and immune modulation and evasion. LasB digests a variety of the host tissue proteins, extracellular matrices, as well as components of both innate and adaptive immune systems, including immunoglobulins, complement proteins, and cytokines.

Human Single-chain Variable Fragments Neutralize Quorum Sensing Molecule, 3O-C12-HSL, and Prevent Cells From the HSL-mediated Apoptosis.

The quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecule, -(3-oxododecanoyl)--homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL), contributes to the pathogenesis of by regulating expression of the bacterial virulence factors that cause intense inflammation and toxicity in the infected host. As such, the QS molecule is an attractive therapeutic target for direct-acting inhibitors. Several substances, both synthetic and naturally derived products, have shown effectiveness against detrimental 3O-C12-HSL activity.

Functional analysis of BPSS2242 reveals its detoxification role in Burkholderia pseudomallei under salt stress.

A bpss2242 gene, encoding a putative short-chain dehydrogenase/oxidoreductase (SDR) in Burkholderia pseudomallei, was identified and its expression was up-regulated by ten-fold when B. pseudomallei was cultured under high salt concentration. Previous study suggested that BPSS2242 plays important roles in adaptation to salt stress and pathogenesis; however, its biological functions are still unknown.

In vitro passage alters virulence, immune activation and proteomic profiles of Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Serial passage is a problem among many bacterial species, especially those where strains have been stored (banked) for several decades. Prior to banking with an organization such as ATCC, many bacterial strains were passaged for many years, so the characteristics of each strain may be extremely different. This is in addition to any differences in the original host environment.

Altered proteome of a mutant defective in short-chain dehydrogenase affects cell adhesion, biofilm formation and heat stress tolerance.

is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes melioidosis and is recognized as an important public health problem in southeast Asia and northeast Australia. The treatment of infection is hampered by resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents and no vaccine is currently available. At present, the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood.

Molecular cloning and characterization of serine protease inhibitor from food-borne nematode, Gnathostoma spinigerum.

Gnathostoma spinigerum is a causative agent of human gnathostomiasis and infects people residing in endemic areas as well as travelers. Cutaneous and visceral larval migrants cause clinical manifestations, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality. To survive in hosts, these parasites have evolved various immune evasion mechanisms, including the release of regulatory molecules.

Application of WST-8 based colorimetric NAD(P)H detection for quantitative dehydrogenase assays.

Background: The reduction of tetrazolium salts by NAD(P)H to formazan product has been widely used to determine the metabolic activity of cells, and as an indicator of cell viability. However, the application of a WST-8 based assay for the quantitative measurement of dehydrogenase enzyme activity has not been described before. In this study, we reported the application of an assay based on the tetrazolium salt WST-8 for the quantitative measurement of dehydrogenase activity.

spp. associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in central and northeast provinces of Thailand.

Background: spp. are major cause of bovine mastitis (BM) worldwide leading to economic damage to dairy farms and public health threat. Recently, a newly emerged has been found as a human and animal pathogen.

Oral tolerance:Recent advances on mechanisms and potential applications.

Oral tolerance is a type of immune hypo-responsiveness induced by oral administration of food or harmless gastrointestinal antigens. It is evident that the induction of oral tolerance can protect our body from enteric problems, such as food allergies and colitis caused by autoimmunity. Here we review the immunological mechanisms of oral tolerance, the role of T cell cytokines in generating tolerance and the impact of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and discuss the part played by commensal microflora in the regulation and maintenance of the intestinal barrier.