Association of DNA Repair and Drug Transporter in Relation to Chemosensitivity in Primary Culture of Thai Gastric Cancer Patients.

Acquired resistance is a major reason for poor clinical outcomes in cancer chemotherapy patients. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity to anticancer drugs and to identify the alterations of DNA repair and drug transporter in a model of primary culture obtained from pre- and post-platinum-based anticancer treatments in nine Thai gastric cancer patients. Ex vivo sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs (cisplatin, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan) was analysed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Alkaloids from Stephania venosa as Chemo-Sensitizers in SKOV3 Ovarian Cancer Cells via Akt/NF-κB Signaling.

Crebanine (CN), tetrahydropalmatine (THP), O-methylbulbocapnine (OMBC) and N-methyl tetrahydropalmatine (NMTHP) are isoquinoline derived natural alkaloids isolated from tubers of Stephania venosa. We investigated chemo-sensitizing effects of these alkaloids in ovarian cancer cells and evaluated underlying molecular mechanisms involved in chemo-sensitivity. Detection of cell apoptosis was evaluated by using flow cytometry.

Relationships of Ex-Vivo Drug Resistance Assay and Cytokine Production with Clinicopathological Features in the Primary Cell Culture of Thai Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer Patients.

Objective: Our goal was to determine the ex-vivo drug resistance assay, as well as the cytokine production, in response to platinum-based chemotherapy treatment in primary culture cells established from the tumor tissue of ovarian or fallopian tube carcinoma patients, and to predict the clinical responses to chemotherapy. Methods: Sensitivity to the platinum-based drug was analyzed in two ovarian cancer cell lines and 19 tumor samples using the primary cell culture obtained from 19 patients having ovarian or fallopian tube cancer that had undergone surgery from 2014 to 2017. Results: Our findings in the ovarian cancer cell lines showed that SKOV3 cells displayed 10-fold greater resistance to cisplatin and 5.

Modulation of P-glycoprotein by Stemona alkaloids in human multidrug resistance leukemic cells and structural relationships.

Background: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major reason for the failure of chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer patients. P-gp over-expression in MDR cancer cells is a multifactorial phenomenon with biochemical resistance mechanisms. Stemofoline (STF), isolated from Stemona bukillii, has been reported to be an MDR reversing compound.

Kuguacin J isolated from bitter melon leaves modulates paclitaxel sensitivity in drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cells.

We previously reported the multidrug resistance-reversing ability of kuguacin J (KJ) in cervical cancer cells via the inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. This study investigated whether KJ could promote cisplatin- and paclitaxel (PTX)-induced cancer cell death in drug-resistance human ovarian cancer cells (SKOV3). Cytotoxicity testing showed that SKOV3 was more resistant to cisplatin and PTX compared to drug-sensitive human ovarian cancer cells (A2780).

Phorbol esters in seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (saboodam in Thai) and their association with cancer prevention: from the initial investigation to the present topics.

Purpose: In 1988, we first reported the complete chemical structure of a new type of phorbol ester, abbreviated to DHPB, found in seed oil of Jatropha curcas L. (Saboodam in Thai) and its tumor-promoting activity on mouse skin. Although this seed oil contains toxic phorbol ester, it was planned to use it as a feasible renewable oil and the extracted seed cake as fertilizer.

Anti-aging and tyrosinase inhibition effects of Cassia fistula flower butanolic extract.

Background: Natural products made from plant sources have been used in a variety of cosmetic applications as a source of nutrition and as a whitening agent. The flowers of Cassia fistula L, family Fabaceae, have been used as a traditional medicine for skin diseases and wound healing and have been reported to possess anti-oxidant properties. The anti-aging effect of C.

Inhibition of the MAPK Signaling Pathway by Red Rice Extract in UVB-irradiated Human Skin Fibroblasts.

Red rice has demonstrated several biological properties including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation properties. However, the anti-photoaging activity has not yet been investigated; The aim of this study relates to the photo-protective effects of red rice extract (RRE) on UVB-induced skin aging. RRE was prepared and the active compounds and anti-oxidant activity were determined.

Anti-inflammatory effects of proanthocyanidin-rich red rice extract via suppression of MAPK, AP-1 and NF-κB pathways in Raw 264.7 macrophages.

Background/objectives: Several pharmacological properties of red rice extract have been reported including anti-oxidant, anti-tumor, and reduced cancer cell invasion. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of red rice extract on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 macrophages.

Chemosensitizing effects of synthetic curcumin analogs on human multi-drug resistance leukemic cells.

Curcumin analogs were synthesized and their multi-drug resistance (MDR) reversing properties were determined in human MDR leukemic (K562/Adr) cells. Four analogs, 1,7-bis-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (1J), 2,6-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-cyclohexanone (2A), 2,6-bis-(3,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene)-cyclohexanone (2F) and 2,6-bis-(3,4-dimethoxy-benzylidene)-cyclohexanone (2J) markedly increased the sensitivity of K562/Adr cells to paclitaxel (PTX) for 8-, 2-, 8- and 16- folds, respectively and vinblastine (Vin) for 5-, 3-, 12- and 30- folds, respectively. The accumulation of P-gp substrates, Calcein-AM, Rhodamine 123 and Doxorubicin, was significantly increased by 1J (up to 6-, 11- and 22- folds, respectively) and 2J (up to 7-, 12- and 17- folds, respectively).

Antiinflammatory Activities of Crebanine by Inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 Activation through Suppressing MAPKs and Akt Signaling in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages.

Crebanine, an aporphine alkaloid, displays various biological activities such as anticancer and antimicrobial activities. In this study, we further investigated the suppressive effect of crebanine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of proinflammatory mediators and the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities in RAW264.7 macrophages.

Suppression of Inflammatory Responses by Black Rice Extract in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells via Downregulation of NF-kB and AP-1 Signaling Pathways.

Anthocyanin, a phenolic compound, has been reported to have an anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced changes in immune cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects. Few research studies have concerned the anti-inflammation properties of colored rice extract as a functional material.

Proanthocyanidin in red rice inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell invasion via the expression control of invasive proteins.

Proanthocyanidin is one of the main active compounds found in red jasmine rice. We previously reported that red rice extract could reduce cancer cell invasion. However, the direct effect of proanthocyanidin from red rice on the invasion of cancer cells and the exact molecular mechanism remained unclear.

Curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles conjugated with anti- P-glycoprotein antibody to overcome multidrug resistance.

Background: The encapsulation of curcumin (Cur) in polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (Cur- NPs) was designed to improve its solubility and stability. Conjugation of the Cur-NPs with anti-P-glycoprotein (P-gp) antibody (Cur-NPs-APgp) may increase their targeting to P-gp, which is highly expressed in multidrug- resistance (MDR) cancer cells. This study determined whether Cur-NPs-APgp could overcome MDR in a human cervical cancer model (KB-V1 cells) in vitro and in vivo.

Reversal of human multi-drug resistance leukaemic cells by stemofoline derivatives via inhibition of P-glycoprotein function.

Our previous study reported multi-drug resistance (MDR) reversing properties of synthetic stemofoline derivatives (STFD), OH-A1, NH-B6 and NH-D6 on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpressing leukaemic cells (K562/Adr); however, the mechanism was unclear. In this study, we further investigated whether the STFD reverse MDR through either the inhibition of P-gp function or expression in K562/Adr cells, or both. The P-gp functional studies showed that the STFD increased the accumulation of calcein-AM, rhodamine 123 and [(14) C]-doxorubicin in K562/Adr cells, while the effects have not been seen in their parental sensitive cancer cell line (K562).

Anti-invasive activity against cancer cells of phytochemicals in red jasmine rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells.

Crebanine, an aporphine alkaloid, sensitizes TNF-α-induced apoptosis and suppressed invasion of human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 by blocking NF-κB-regulated gene products.

Crebanine is an alkaloid known to exhibit anticancer, but its mechanism is not well understood. Besides, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor has been correlated with inflammation, carcinogenesis, tumor cell survival, invasion, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of crebanine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-induced NF-κB activation and the expression of NF-κB-regulated gene products.

Anti-invasion effect of crebanine and O-methylbulbocapnine from Stephania venosa via down-regulated matrix metalloproteinases and urokinase plasminogen activator.

The alkaloids isolated from Stephania venosa (S. venosa) have been shown to inhibit the proliferation and to induce the apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the anti-metastatic effect of the alkaloids on cancer cell invasion is unknown.

Ellagic acid inhibits migration and invasion by prostate cancer cell lines.

Polyphenolic compounds from pomegranate fruit extracts (PFEs) have been reported to possess antiproliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-invasion effects in prostate and other cancers. However, the mechanisms responsible for the inhibition of cancer invasion remain to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated anti-invasive effects of ellagic acid (EA) in androgen-independent human (PC-3) and rat (PLS10) prostate cancer cell lines in vitro.

Antiproliferative effect of alkaloids via cell cycle arrest from Pseuduvaria rugosa.

Context: Pseuduvaria rugosa (Blume) Merr. (Annonacaea) grows widely in the south and southeast regions of Thailand. Preliminary screening for biological activities revealed that crude hexane, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts from mixtures of leaves and twigs of P.

Inhibition of P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug resistance by stemofoline derivatives.

Resistance to chemotherapy in cancer patients has been correlated to the overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp) that actively efflux chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells. We examined the multidrug resistance reversing property of stemofoline derivatives in drug-resistance human cervical carcinoma (KB-V1) and human leukemic (K562/Adr) cell lines that overexpress P-gp. Didehydrostemofoline and eleven of its derivatives were synthesized and the cytotoxicity and their effect on doxorubicin, vinblastine and paclitaxel sensitivity in drug resistant (KB-V1 and K562/Adr) and drug sensitive (KB-3-1 and K562) cell lines by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were determined.

Effects of curcumin on global gene expression profiles in the highly invasive human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB 231: A gene network-based microarray analysis.

Curcumin, or diferuloylmethane, is a major chemical component of turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) that has been consumed as a dietary spice through the ages. This yellow-colored polyphenol has a notably wide range of beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumoral, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic activity.

Comparison of variations between percentage of body fat, body mass index and daily physical activity among young Japanese and Thai female students.

Background: In our series of investigations concerning the causes of seasonal change in fat accumulation in young university students, we could not find any contribution of seasonal variation in the ratio of carbohydrate and fat metabolism to that of body fat percentage in Japanese and Thai participants. After our previous study, we examined the effect of daily physical activity on body fat percentage to look for the major causes of seasonal change in fat accumulation in young university students.

Findings: In this study, we measured participants' (young Japanese and Thai university students) daily physical activity by a uniaxial accelerometer in addition to the measurements of body fat percentage and body mass index by a bioelectrical impedance meter.

Induction of G1 arrest and apoptosis in human cancer cells by crebanine, an alkaloid from Stephania venosa.

In this study, we focused the effects of crebanine, an alkaloid isolated from the tuber of Stephania venosa, on various human cancer cells. Crebanine treatment was found to significantly inhibit the proliferation of human leukemic cells (HL-60, U937 and K562), human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) and cervix cancer cell lines (KB-3-1 and KB-V1), of which HL-60 cells were the most sensitive to its treatment. In contrast, crebanine caused much less toxicity in human normal fibroblast cells.

Comparison of seasonal variation in the fasting respiratory quotient of young Japanese, Polish and Thai women in relation to seasonal change in their percent body fat.

Background: From the viewpoint of human physiological adaptability, we previously investigated seasonal variation in the amount of unabsorbed dietary carbohydrates from the intestine after breakfast in Japanese, Polish and Thai participants. In this investigation we found that there were significant seasonal variations in the amount of unabsorbed dietary carbohydrates in Japanese and Polish participants, while we could not find significant seasonal variation in Thai participants. These facts prompted us to examine seasonal variations in the respiratory quotient after an overnight fast (an indicator of the ratio of carbohydrate and fat oxidized after the last meal) with female university students living in Osaka (Japan), Poznan (Poland) and Chiang Mai (Thailand).