Brain-derived neurotrophic factor interplay with oxidative stress: neuropathology approach in potential biomarker of Alzheimer's disease.

The aging population poses a serious challenge concerning an increased prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its impact on global burden, morbidity, and mortality. Oxidative stress, as a molecular hallmark that causes susceptibility in AD, interplays to other AD-related neuropathology cascades and decreases the expression of central and circulation brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an essential neurotrophin that serves as nerve development and survival, and synaptic plasticity in AD. By its significant correlation with the molecular and clinical progression of AD, BDNF can potentially be used as an objectively accurate biomarker for AD diagnosis and progressivity follow-up in future clinical practice.

Eagle's syndrome with neck discomfort: A report of three cases.

Eagle's syndrome, or ES, is associated with the elongation of the styloid process and partial or complete mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament. Clinically, the symptoms of ES are characterized by sore throat, neck pain radiating to the ear, dysphagia, and a foreign body sensation when swallowing, resulting from disruption of the neck or pharyngeal region. This report describes 3 male patients (40, 60, and 43 years old) with neck discomfort.

Secretome as neuropathology-targeted intervention of Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in substansia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) caused by ⍺-synuclein aggregation. The use of secretomes released by medicinal signaling cells (MSCs) is one the promising preventive approaches that target several mechanisms in the neuropathology of PD. Its components target the lack of neurotrophin factors, proteasome dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and at last neuroinflammation via several pathways.