Reminiscent of physical phase transition separatrices divides the phase space of dynamical systems with multiple equilibria into regions of distinct flow behavior and asymptotics. We introduce complex time in order to study corresponding Riemann surface solutions of holomorphic and meromorphic flows, explicitly solve their sensitivity differential equation, and identify a related Hamiltonian structure and an associated geometry in order to study separatrix properties. As an application, we analyze the complex-time Newton flow of Riemann's ξ-function on the basis of a compactly convergent polynomial approximation of its Riemann surface solution defined as zero set of polynomials, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital vascular anomalies that can lead to severe complications, including hemorrhage and neurological deficits. This study compares the outcomes of microsurgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for SM grade I and II AVMs. Out of a large multicenter registry, we identified 180 matched patients with SM grade I and II AVMs treated with either microsurgical resection or SRS between 2010 and 2023.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessment of the potential impact of epilepsy as primary tumor manifestation on survival in elderly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. Two academic neurosurgical centers retrospectively analyzed all GBM patients aged 65 years and older with de-novo tumors, who underwent surgery between 2006 and 2021. Epidemiological, histopathological, imaging and survival data were obtained from patients' electronic charts, and screened for the presence of epilepsy preoperatively and during follow-up.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeizures occur in 20-45% of patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and can potentially influence their quality of life. Some studies have suggested risk factors influencing their development, but the evidence is limited to small cohorts. To analyze seizure presentation and factors influencing seizure development in patients with cerebral AVMs using a multi-institutional consortium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The impact of multiple feeding arteries on clinical outcomes of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is not well understood. This study aims to compare outcomes between AVMs with multiple versus single feeding arteries.
Patients And Methods: Data from the Multicenter International Study for Treatment of Brain AVMs (MISTA) consortium were analyzed.
Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are complex vascular anomalies with a high risk of hemorrhage and neurological deficits, especially when located in eloquent brain regions. The eloquence of an AVM location is a critical factor in the treatment planning, influencing both the risk of complications and long-term functional outcomes. This study aims to compare outcomes between eloquent and non-eloquent AVMs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal connections between feeding arteries and draining veins, associated with significant risks of haemorrhage, seizures and other neurological deficits. Preoperative embolization is commonly used as an adjunct to microsurgical resection, with the aim of reducing intraoperative complications and improving outcomes. However, the efficacy and safety of this approach remain controversial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The human gut microbiota develops in concordance with its host over a lifetime, resulting in age-related shifts in community structure and metabolic function. Little is known about whether these changes impact the community's response to microbiome-targeted therapeutics. Providing critical information on this subject, faecal microbiomes of subjects from six age groups, spanning from infancy to 70-year-old adults (n = six per age group) were harvested.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Using dietary interventions to steer the metabolic output of the gut microbiota towards specific health-promoting metabolites is often challenging due to interpersonal variation in treatment responses.
Methods: In this study, we combined the ex vivo SIFR (Systemic Intestinal Fermentation Research) technology with untargeted metabolite profiling to investigate the impact of carrot-derived rhamnogalacturonan-I (cRG-I) on ex vivo metabolite production by the gut microbiota of 24 human adults.
Results: The findings reveal that at a dose equivalent to 1.
Purpose: Computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) techniques have paved the way for single-step resections and cranio-orbital reconstructions with patient specific implants in spheno-orbital tumors. Here, we present our interdisciplinary maxillofacial and neurosurgical workflow and a case series of patients treated with this integrated approach.
Methods: Patients, who underwent single-step resection of benign spheno-orbital tumors and cranio-orbital reconstruction with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) patient specific implants (PSI) from 2019 to 2024 in our institution were included.
Background: Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade III brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) represent a transitional risk zone between low- and high-grade BAVMs, characterized by diverse angioarchitecture. The primary treatment options are endovascular embolization, microsurgical resection (MS), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This study compares the efficacy and outcomes of MS and SRS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe gut microbiota has been implicated in onset and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we assess potential causal involvement of the microbiota and -associated fecal water (FW) metabolome in altering key functional parameters of the colonic epithelium. Fecal samples were collected from = 51 healthy controls (HC), = 36 patients with active UC (UC-A), and = 41 subjects in remission = 41 (UC-R).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon cerebral lesions that can cause significant neurological complications. Surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment, but endovascular embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are viable alternatives.
Objective: To compare the outcomes of endovascular embolization versus SRS in the treatment of AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I-III.
GoodBiome™ Foods are functional foods containing a probiotic ( HU58™) and prebiotics (mainly inulin). Their effects on the human gut microbiota were assessed using ex vivo SIFR technology, which has been validated to provide clinically predictive insights. GoodBiome™ Foods (BBM/LCM/OSM) were subjected to oral, gastric, and small intestinal digestion/absorption, after which their impact on the gut microbiome of four adults was assessed (n = 3).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Objectives: 3-Dimensional (3D) printing has become a common tool to aid implant molding for cranioplastic surgery of large skull defects. Until now, 3D printing of cranial implants itself has not been used, mainly because of medicolegal concerns. With a 3D printer developed for printing medical applications and with implant-grade polyetheretherketone (PEEK) filament available, we established a workflow (in compliance with medical device regulations) to 3D print cranial implants for cranioplastic surgery directly at the point of care (POC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSerum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) prevents translocation and inflammation via direct binding of microbial components. Recently, SBI also displayed potential benefits through gut microbiome modulation. To confirm and expand upon these preliminary findings, SBI digestion and colonic fermentation were investigated using the clinically predictive ex vivo SIFR technology (for 24 human adults) that was, for the first time, combined with host cells (epithelial/immune (Caco-2/THP-1) cells).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Preterm neonates are extensively monitored to require strict oxygen target attainment for optimal outcomes. In daily practice, detailed oxygenation data are hardly used and crucial patterns may be missed due to the snapshot presentations and subjective observations. This study aimed to develop a web-based dashboard with both detailed and summarized oxygenation data in real-time and to test its feasibility to support clinical decision making.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLong-chain dextrans are α-glucans that can be produced by lactic acid bacteria. NextDext, a specific long-chain dextran with a high degree of polymerisation, produced using , was recently shown to exert prebiotic potential in vitro. In this study, the ex vivo SIFR technology, recently validated to provide predictive insights into gut microbiome modulation down to the species level, was used to investigate the effects of this long-chain dextran on the gut microbiota of six human adults that altogether covered different enterotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Apnoea of prematurity (AOP) is one of the most common diagnoses among preterm infants. AOP often leads to hypoxemia and bradycardia which are associated with an increased risk of death or disability. In addition to caffeine therapy and non-invasive respiratory support, doxapram might be used to reduce hypoxemic episodes and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in preterm infants, thereby possibly improving their long-term outcome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrimary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNLSs) are malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas solely affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we present a rare case of extra- and intracranial manifestation without adjacent calvarial infiltration. We report a 67-year-old woman who presented with right leg paresis and hypoesthesia, facial hypoesthesia, focal epileptic seizures, and an indolent tumor on the left parietal scalp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFfermentation strategies with fecal inocula are considered cost-effective methods to gain mechanistic insights into fecal microbiota community dynamics. However, all approaches have their limitations due to inherent differences with respect to the situation mimicked, introducing possible biases into the results obtained. Here, we aimed to systematically optimize fermentation conditions to minimize drift from the initial inoculum, limit growth of opportunistic colonizers, and maximize the effect of added fiber products (here pectin) when compared to basal medium fermentations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLow-no-calorie sweeteners (LNCS) are used as sugar substitutes as part of strategies to reduce the risk of chronic diseases related to high sugar intake (e.g. type 2 diabetes (T2D)).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report an 81-year-old patient who underwent microsurgical resection of a posterior fossa mass lesion. Intraoperative findings were suggestive of the presence of two distinctly different tumor types within the lesion, one of which was well-circumscribed and avascular, whereas the other one showed an adhesive growth pattern and extensive vascularisation. Histopathological analysis, including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-methylation-based classification, substantiated the intraoperative impression and confirmed the presence of a subependymoma central nervous system (CNS) World Health Organization (WHO) grade 1 as well as the presence of a hemangioblastoma CNS WHO grade 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Arterial pressure measurements are important to monitor vital function in neonates, and values are known to be dependent of gestational and postnatal age. Current reference ranges for mean arterial pressure in neonates have been derived from small samples and combined data of noninvasive and invasive measurements. We aimed to define reference values for noninvasive mean, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure during the first week of life in otherwise healthy preterm and term neonates defined by gestational and postnatal age.
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