Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic and Mental Health Status in the General Adult Population of Serbia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Since its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread throughout the world. The Serbian government declared a state of emergency on 15 March 2020, implementing some of Europe's strictest measures to combat the pandemic. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the mental health of the general adult Serbian population and to identify associated factors during the state of emergency and lockdown.

Advocacy groups in China's environmental policymaking: Pathways to influence.

Through in-depth and comparative analyses of three policy cases, this study investigates whether citizen and special interest groups in China can affect environmental policymaking and, if so, what are the effective strategies to influence the policy outcomes. Process tracing is used to examine advocates' policy preferences, their lobbying strategies, developments through the process and the final policy outcomes. The findings imply that whereas direct interactions with policymakers are not a necessary condition for advocates to influence decision-making, public campaigns and creating strong public pressure are effective practices that can lead to government responsiveness.

Skin cell protection against UVA by Sideroxyl, a new antioxidant complementary to sunscreens.

Oxidative stress resulting from photosensitized ROS production in skin is widely accepted as the main contributor to the deleterious effects of UVA exposure. Among the mechanisms known to be involved in UVA-induced oxidative damage, iron plays a central role. UVA radiation of skin cells induces an immediate release of iron, which can then act as a catalyst for uncontrolled oxidation reactions of cell components.

Manubrial autograft for anterior cervical fusion.

Anterior cervical fusion is a commonly performed procedure and the most common graft material used is anterior iliac crest autograft. However, this donor site is a source of significant patient discomfort. The author describes the use of tricortical manubrial autograft which provides a surgically convenient donor site with less morbidity than with traditional iliac crest.

Primary pineal and meningeal malignant melanomatosis.

Approximately 300 cases of primary meningeal melanoma have been reported in the literature;(1) eight of these cases had an associated pineal melanoma without additional parenchymal lesions.(2) We present another such case and demonstrate the advantage of magnetic resonance imaging over computed tomography in the early detection of meningeal involvement.

Iron chelation can modulate UVA-induced lipid peroxidation and ferritin expression in human reconstructed epidermis.

Background/purpose: As ferritin has been identified as an important factor in antioxidant defense in cultured human skin cells, we evaluated UVA-induced lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) production and ferritin expression in reconstructed human epidermis in vitro.

Results: Ferritin is regularly present in the basal layer of unirradiated epidermis both in the human skin in vivo and in the reconstructed human epidermis in vitro. Following acute UVA exposure, ferritin expression increased in basal epidermal cells in both models.

A population-based study of brain arteriovenous malformation: long-term treatment outcomes.

Background And Purpose: By undertaking long-term follow-up of a functionally isolated population study group, we sought to achieve a true picture of intrinsic brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM). We sought to assess the validity of earlier population-based series and to determine the effects of newer treatment methods on the overall morbidity and mortality of BAVM.

Methods: We excluded other intracranial vascular pathologies by defining criteria.

Use of human reconstituted epidermis Episkin for assessment of weak phototoxic potential of chemical compounds.

Background/purpose: Drug-induced phototoxicity is a non-immunological inflammatory skin reaction, caused by concurrent topical or systemic exposure to a specific molecule and ultraviolet radiation. Most of phototoxic compounds absorb energy particularly from UVA light leading to activated derivatives, which can induce cellular damage. This type of adverse cutaneous response can be reproduced, in vitro, using human skin models.

Detection of an aberrant motile larval form in the brain of a patient with neurocysticercosis.

Neurocysticercosis is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system in humans. The adult pork tape worm, Taenia solium, resides in the lumen of the intestine, and the only structural element of an adult worm usually found within a tissue cyst in the brain or in muscle is a single invaginated scolex. We report a highly unusual, and perhaps unique, occurrence of neurocysticercosis in which an aberrant worm-like larval form, 12.

Photodynamic therapy of brain tumors.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for the treatment of a variety of brain tumors, particularly gliomas, has been extensively investigated in laboratory studies and has been studied in clinical trials. The main advantage of PDT lies in its ability to select out tumor cells that are infiltrating brain parenchyma and that are responsible for local tumor recurrence, the major therapeutic dilemma in the treatment of gliomas. PDT has been shown to be safe clinically but adequate trials have yet to be undertaken to prove its efficacy and much work remains to be done to optimize treatment.

Multimodal therapy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

Over the last few decades two new modalities of treatment have been added to the therapy of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: stereotactic radiosurgery and angiographic embolisation. The aim of this review is to discuss surgery and the newer modalities of treatment with particular reference to an integrated multimodal approach to therapy.

Intracranial dural granulomas secondary to operative use of oxidised cellulose.

A case is presented of intracranial dural granulomata which appear to have developed as a reaction to surgical use of oxidised cellulose.

Photodynamic therapy of brain tumors.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a binary treatment modality suitable for various malignant tumors including brain. It involves the selective uptake of a photosensitizer into tumor followed by intraoperative irradiation of the tumor with light of an appropriate wavelength to cause activation of the sensitizer and subsequent selective tumor destruction. PDT has been extensively investigated in laboratory studies and has been used in clinical trials to treat a variety of brain tumors, particularly gliomas.

Temporal lobectomy for epilepsy - complicationsin 200 patients.

At the Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, 200 consecutive temporal lobectomies were performed for refractorycomplex partial seizures between 1969 and 1991 as part of its Comprehensive Epilepsy Program. The complications of this retrospective series are reported. There were no 30-day postoperative deaths but there were 6 late deaths.

Homozygous deletions of the multiple tumor suppressor gene 1 in the progression of human astrocytomas.

The multiple tumor suppressor gene 1 (MTS1) located on chromosome 9p has recently been implicated as a candidate tumor suppressor gene in many different tumor types. Cytogenetic analysis and deletion mapping studies have revealed that deletion of chromosome 9p occurs in a significant number of primary human astrocytomas. Using multiplex PCR with primers for exon 2 of MTS1 and for D9S196 from chromosome 9q, we have analyzed 78 primary astrocytic tumors for the deletion of MTS1.

Mast cell-rich convexity meningioma presenting as chronic subdural hematoma: case report and review of the literature.

A 47-year-old woman with a convexity meningioma presenting as a chronic subdural hematoma is reported. This case is unique in that the symptoms were cyclical and stereotypic. The tumor contained an unusually high number of mast cells.

Stereotactic procedures for lesions of the pineal region.

During the 7-year period between June 1985 and May 1992, 34 patients with pineal lesions underwent 66 stereotactic procedures (37 biopsies, 19 third ventriculostomies, 6 cyst aspirations, 3 instillations of 32P into cysts, and 1 insertion of an Ommaya reservoir into a cyst) at the Mayo Clinic. Nine patients subsequently also underwent 10 open resections of lesions of the pineal region. In the 34 study patients, the pathologic entities were 9 gliomas (5 astrocytomas, 2 ependymomas, and 2 oligodendrogliomas), 9 germ cell tumors (7 germinomas, 1 entodermal sinus tumor, and 1 malignant teratoma), 8 pineal parenchymal tumors (3 pinealomas, 3 pinealoblastomas, 1 mixed pinealoma-pinealoblastoma, and 1 intermediate differentiation pineal tumor), 4 other malignant tumors (2 undifferentiated carcinomas, 1 malignant melanoma, and 1 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma), 2 meningiomas, and 2 nonneoplastic lesions (1 glial cyst and 1 inflammatory lesion).

Craniotomy and thoracotomy for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung with cerebral metastasis.

Twenty patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the lung who had cerebral metastasis, were treated by craniotomy and thoracotomy. Eighteen of these patients had a solitary metastasis and all were treated as curable. Ten patients presented with synchronous lung and brain disease.

Experience with nimodipine in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of nimodipine in preventing delayed ischaemic deficit in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Design: A continuous prospective audit of all patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage admitted to the joint neurosurgery units of Prince Henry's and Alfred hospitals, Melbourne. Patients were divided into two groups--135 in the pre-nimodipine group during 1986 to 1989, and 73 in the nimodipine group during 1989 and 1990.

Malignant prolactinomas.

Six cases of malignant prolactinoma have been reported; an additional two cases are presented here and the literature is reviewed. Diagnosis rests upon evidence of metastasis rather than histological criteria per se. Cases have arisen from known adenomas, particularly the invasive type.

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms: a 12-month prospective study.

A prospective study was undertaken of all cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms that presented to Monash Medical Centre's neurosurgical service over a 12-month period. Forty-seven patients had proved aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhages. The management mortality rate over all was 23.