Vinyl Carbocations Generated under Basic Conditions and Their Intramolecular C-H Insertion Reactions.

Here we report the surprising discovery that high-energy vinyl carbocations can be generated under strongly basic conditions, and that they engage in intramolecular sp C-H insertion reactions through the catalysis of weakly coordinating anion salts. This approach relies on the unconventional combination of lithium hexamethyldisilazide base and the commercially available catalyst, triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate. These reagents form a catalytically active lithium species that enables the application of vinyl cation C-H insertion reactions to heteroatom-containing substrates.

A Review of Humoral Factors in Remote Preconditioning of the Heart.

A humoral mechanism of cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) has been clearly demonstrated in various models of ischemia-reperfusion including upper and lower extremities, liver, and the mesenteric and renal arteries. A wide range of humoral factors for RIP have been proposed including hydrophobic peptides, opioid peptides, adenosine, prostanoids, endovanilloids, endocannabinoids, calcitonin gene-related peptide, leukotrienes, noradrenaline, adrenomedullin, erythropoietin, apolipoprotein, A-I glucagon-like peptide-1, interleukin 10, stromal cell-derived factor 1, and microRNAs. Virtually, all of the components of ischemic preconditioning's signaling pathway such as nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase C, redox signaling, PI3-kinase/Akt, glycogen synthase kinase β, ERK1/2, mitoK channels, Connexin 43, and STAT were all found to play a role.

Rodent burrow network dynamics under human-induced landscape transformation from desert to steppe in Kalmykian rangelands.

Rodents play an important role in rangelands through the engineering of extensive burrow systems, which provides key habitats for many animal and plant species. We have analyzed the long-term variation in the abundance and distribution of rodent burrows in grazing ecosystems of southern Russia (Kalmykia) under the landscape change from desert to steppe caused by the drastic reduction of livestock after the collapse of the USSR in the early 1990s. We conducted burrow surveys in the "desert" (1980) and "steppe" (2017) periods on 19 3-km transects.

Corrigendum to "The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients of Different Ages with Myocardial Infarction".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/1780683.].

The Possibility of Preventive and Therapeutic Use of Green Tea Catechins in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most frequent types of cancer. Despite the existence of various treatment strategies, treatment of prostate cancer still presents serious difficulties (especially in advanced stages). Polyphenols have been extensively assessed in terms of their potential use for prostate cancer treatment and prevention.

Trigger, Signaling Mechanism and End Effector of Cardioprotective Effect of Remote Postconditioning of Heart.

The hypothetical trigger of remote postconditioning (RPost) of the heart is the highmolecular weight hydrophobic peptide(s). Nitric oxide and adenosine serve as intermediaries between the peptide and intracellular structures. The role of the autonomic nervous system in RPost requires further study.

Peculiarities of antibiotic-associated diarrhea development in children with acute respiratory infections.

Objective: Introduction: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the main cause of morbidity in most countries. The probability of complications and age determine antibiotics administration. Antibiotic associated diarrhea (AAD) is one of the side effects of antibiotics.

Neuroblastoma with an unusual ovarian metastasis in a 5-year-old girl.

Neuroblastoma metastasizing to the ovary is rare. We report the 10th case and review the scarce literature. A 5-year-old girl with stage M neuroblastoma presented with an upper abdominal and a pelvic mass.

Structural, rheological and antioxidant properties of pectins from Equisetum arvense L. and Equisetum sylvaticum L.

The pectins were isolated from sterile stems of E. arvense (EA, yield 5.9%) and E.

Progressing urban climate research using a high-density monitoring network system.

An increasing number of urban meteorological networks (UMNs) and automated data acquisition are irreplaceable tools in modern urban climate monitoring, evaluation, and analysis. The most serious issue in such systems is data loss, caused primarily by communication problems between stations and servers. The Novi Sad Urban Network (NSUNET) consists of 28 remote stations and 2 servers built solely on open-source technologies.

Twisted Laguerre-Gaussian Schell-model beam and its orbital angular moment.

It is well known that a light beam with vortex phase or twist phase carries orbital angular momentum (OAM), while twist phase only exists in a partially coherent beam. In this paper, we introduce a new partially coherent beam, named twisted Laguerre-Gaussian Schell-model (TLGSM) beam. This TLGSM beam carries both vortex phase and twist phase.

Influence of retrieved hip- and knee-prosthesis biomaterials on microbial detection by sonication.

Microorganisms' ability to adhere and form a biofilm differs among biomaterials; however, clinical data are conflicting. Microbial adherence and biofilm formation on different biomaterials of explanted joint prosthesis components were investigated. Consecutive patients with explanted joint prosthesis were prospectively included.

[Laparoscopic ileal ureteral substitution. Results of the first 40 operations].

Introduction: Despite the twenty-year history of laparoscopic ileal ureteral substitution, the literature is lacking studies reporting its outcomes, and those few are mainly case reports. Besides, they usually describe surgery from combined access, when the ileal segment resection and ileo-ileal anastomosis are performed from mini-laparotomy, and the remaining stages are done endoscopically.

Aim: To conduct a multicenter retrospective analysis of our series of patients undergoing laparoscopic ileal ureteral substitution using only endoscopic access.

Is oxidative stress of adipocytes a cause or a consequence of the metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is accompanied by oxidative stress in animals and humans. The main source of ROS in experimental metabolic syndrome is NADPH oxidase and possibly adipocyte mitochondria. It is now documented that oxidative stress induces insulin resistance of adipocytes and increases secretion of leptin, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α by adipocytes.

Pectin gelling in acidic gastric condition increases rheological properties of gastric digesta and reduces glycaemic response in mice.

The rheological characteristics and transit time of gastric digesta and the postprandial glycaemic response in mice orally administered with water (control) or pectin solutions supplemented (AP-Ca) or not supplemented (AP) with CaCO were elucidated. AP and AP-Ca increased viscosity, storage and loss moduluses (G' and G'') of mice gastric digesta. The gelling capacity of AP-Ca in acidic gastric conditions appeared to provide a greater enhancement of gastric digesta viscosity compared with AP.

Swelling behavior and satiating effect of the gel microparticles obtained from callus cultures pectins.

Gel microparticles were prepared from pectins of campion (SVCgel) and duckweed (LMCgel) callus cultures, as well as from commercial apple pectin (APgel) by emulsion dehydration techniques with successive ionotropic gelation. The morphology and swelling behavior of the microparticles were determined after successive incubation in simulated gastric (SGF), intestinal (SIF), and colonic (SCF) fluids. Both SVCgel and LMCgel microparticles were found to swell in SGF and SIF gradually, and at oral administration decreased food intake by laboratory mice during the first 5 h of free-feeding.

The effect of preoperative chemotherapy on histological subtyping and staging of Wilms tumors: The United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) Wilms tumor trial 3 (UKW3) experience.

Background: Two principal approaches to Wilms tumor (WT) treatment are immediate surgery (IS) and preoperative chemotherapy (PCT), and both treatments use the risk-adapted approach that includes histological subclassification of the tumor, combined with additional prognostic factors. In the UKW3 trial, these two approaches were compared. The aim of the present study was to compare histological features between the two groups, to assess the impact of PCT on distribution of histological subtyping and staging and to evaluate whether PCT resulted in more staging discrepancies between local and central pathology review (CPR).

Experimental Cardiomyogenesis Under Conditions of Administration of Different Doses of the Allogeneic Biomaterial.

We studied the effect of different concentrations of the allogeneic biotransplant on myocardial recovery. In Wistar rats, coronary artery was ligated and intramyocardial injection of 12 or 24 mg Alloplant biomaterial suspension was performed. Histological analysis was conducted on paraffin sections stained by Mallory.

Plasma markers of myocardial inflammation at isolated atrial fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the widest spread forms of arrhythmia, which is associated with the increased mortality and thromboembolic complications. To date, the involvement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and immunomediators of inflammation into the mechanisms of development and maintenance of isolated AF is not clear. Specificity of their changes with respect to the latent myocarditis at AF is not proved.

Influence of Amiodarone and Dronedarone on the Force-Interval Dependence of Rat Myocardium.

The antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone and its analogue dronedarone is caused by their direct actions on several cardiomyocyte sarcolemmal ion currents. However, whether their effects are related to intracellular calcium levels is not exactly known. Ca cycling refers to the release and reuptake of intracellular Ca, which induces muscle contraction and relaxation and determines the force-interval dependence.

The Impact of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients of Different Ages with Myocardial Infarction.

The objective of the study was to assess the impact of DM2 at baseline on long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction (MI) among different age groups. The data were taken from: "Register of Acute Myocardial Infarction." A total of 862 patients were followed for five years after acute myocardial infarction.

DYNAMICS OF CONTENT OF SOME MINERALS IN TEENAGERS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM PATHOLOGY AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF CHRONIC TONSILLITIS ZMIANY ZAWARTOŚCI NIEKTÓRYCH SKŁADNIKÓW MINERALNYCH U MŁODZIEŻY Z CHOROBAMI UKŁADU SERCOWO-NACZYNIOWEGO JAKO PODŁOŻE ROZWOJU PRZEWLEKŁEGO ZAPALENIA MIGDAŁKÓW PODNIEBIENNYCH.

Objective: Introduction: Chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract in children and teenagers, such as chronic tonsillitis is quite common in pediatric populations, accompanied by changes in reactivity, causing a risk of complications. Due to the fact that the child's body resistance to acute infectious diseases depends on the sufficiency of trace elements, then at present stage greatly increased interest in deeper study of exchange of macro- and microelements in the human body in normal and pathological conditions. The aim: To study the dynamics of zinc, iron, potassium and magnesium in adolescents with disorders of the cardiovascular system with chronic tonsillitis.

Teaching an old carbocation new tricks: Intermolecular C-H insertion reactions of vinyl cations.

Vinyl carbocations have been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies over the past five decades. Despite this long history in chemistry, the utility of vinyl cations in chemical synthesis has been limited, with most reactivity studies focusing on solvolysis reactions or intramolecular processes. Here we report synthetic and mechanistic studies of vinyl cations generated through silylium-weakly coordinating anion catalysis.

[Prognostic significance of prostate-specific antigen in defining indications for initial prostate biopsy].

Unlabelled: Currently, prostate biopsy remains the main method used to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa). The indication for the procedure is an elevated level of the serum level of the total prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, the PSA test is organ- but not cancer-specific, and patients may undergo an unnecessary biopsy, which is an invasive procedure associated with a risk of complications.

Preparation and release characteristics of mesalazine loaded calcium pectin-silica gel beads based on callus cultures pectins for colon-targeted drug delivery.

The aim of this work is to produce calcium pectin-silica gel beads containing mesalazine as a drug model in order to control the drug release in the colon. The mesalazine loaded calcium pectin-silica gel beads were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that increasing the NaSiO concentration led to an increase of the silicon content on the surface and in the cross-sections of the beads.