Analysis of the brain transcriptome, microbiome and metabolome in ketogenic diet and experimental stroke.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been shown to be effective in treating various brain pathologies. In this study, we conducted detailed transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of rat brains after KD and ischemic stroke in order to investigate the effects of KD and its underlying mechanisms. We evaluated the effect of a two-month KD on gene expression in intact brain tissue and after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

Chiral Basis for Qubits and Spin-Helix Decay.

We propose a qubit basis composed of transverse spin helices with kinks. Unlike the usual computational basis, this chiral basis is well-suited for describing quantum states with nontrivial topology. Choosing appropriate parameters the operators of the transverse spin components, σ_{n}^{x} and σ_{n}^{y}, become diagonal in the chiral basis, which facilitates the study of problems focused on transverse spin components.

Quest for the golden ratio universality class.

Using mode-coupling theory, the conditions for all allowed dynamical universality classes for the conserved modes in one-dimensional driven systems are presented in closed form as a function of the stationary currents and their derivatives. With an eye on the search for the golden ratio universality class, the existence of some families of microscopic models is ruled out a priori by using an Onsager-type macroscopic current symmetry. In particular, if the currents are symmetric or antisymmetric under the interchange of the conserved densities, then at equal mean densities the golden modes can only appear in the antisymmetric case and if the conserved quantities are correlated, but not in the symmetric case where at equal densities one mode is always diffusive and the second may be either Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ), modified KPZ, 3/2-Lévy, or also diffusive.

Targeting Mitochondria for Cancer Treatment.

There is an increasing accumulation of data on the exceptional importance of mitochondria in the occurrence and treatment of cancer, and in all lines of evidence for such participation, there are both energetic and non-bioenergetic functional features of mitochondria. This analytical review examines three specific features of adaptive mitochondrial changes in several malignant tumors. The first feature is characteristic of solid tumors, whose cells are forced to rebuild their energetics due to the absence of oxygen, namely, to activate the fumarate reductase pathway instead of the traditional succinate oxidase pathway that exists in aerobic conditions.

Mitocentricity.

Worldwide, interest in mitochondria is constantly growing, as evidenced by scientific statistics, and studies of the functioning of these organelles are becoming more prevalent than studies of other cellular structures. In this analytical review, mitochondria are conditionally placed in a certain cellular center, which is responsible for both energy production and other non-energetic functions, without which the existence of not only the eukaryotic cell itself, but also the entire organism is impossible. Taking into account the high multifunctionality of mitochondria, such a fundamentally new scheme of cell functioning organization, including mitochondrial management of processes that determine cell survival and death, may be justified.

Sex-Specific Effects of Estradiol and Progesterone in Ischemic Kidney Injury.

The positive effects of female sex hormones, particularly estradiol and progesterone, have been observed in treatment of various pathologies. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common condition in hospitalized patients in which the molecular mechanisms of hormone action are poorly characterized. In this study, we investigated the influence of estradiol and progesterone on renal cells during ischemic injury.

The effects of antibiotic therapy on neonatal sepsis-associated acute kidney injury.

Aim: Neonatal sepsis remains one of the most dangerous conditions in the neonatal intensive care units. One of the organs affected by sepsis is the kidney, making acute kidney injury (AKI) a common complication of sepsis. Treatment of sepsis almost always involves antibiotic therapy, which by itself may cause some adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity.

Mitochondrial Network: Electric Cable and More.

Mitochondria in a cell can unite and organize complex, extended structures that occupy the entire cellular volume, providing an equal supply with energy in the form of ATP synthesized in mitochondria. In accordance with the chemiosmotic concept, the oxidation energy of respiratory substrates is largely stored in the form of an electrical potential difference on the inner membrane of mitochondria. The theory of the functioning of extended mitochondrial structures as intracellular electrical wires suggests that mitochondria provide the fastest delivery of electrical energy through the cellular volume, followed by the use of this energy for the synthesis of ATP, thereby accelerating the process of ATP delivery compared to the rather slow diffusion of ATP in the cell.

Novel g-CN/PrFeO nanocomposites with Z-scheme structure and superior photocatalytic activity toward visible-light-driven removal of tetracycline antibiotics.

In the presented work, heterostructured nanocomposites based on g-CN and PrFeO with different mass content of PrFeO (0-10 wt%) were prepared by ultrasonic processing to study their photocatalytic activity in the process of antibiotic degradation under visible light. The study of phase composition, structural, morphological and textural characteristics carried out by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and adsorption-structural analysis confirmed the presence of two phases - graphite-like CN and orthorhombic PrFeO with average crystallite sizes of 5 and 21 nm and mesoporous structure with specific surface area of 57.2-68.

Effects of caloric restriction and ketogenic diet on renal fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury.

The beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) and a ketogenic diet (KD) have been previously shown when performed prior to kidney injury. We investigated the effects of CR and KD on fibrosis development after unilateral kidney ischemia/reperfusion (UIR). Post-treatment with CR significantly ( < 0.

Decreased renal expression of PAQR5 is associated with the absence of a nephroprotective effect of progesterone in a rat UUO model.

Fibrosis is a severe complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Progesterone, like other sex hormones, plays an important role in renal physiology, but its role in CKD is poorly understood. We investigated progesterone effect on renal fibrosis progression in the rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).

[The use of laser doppler flowmetry to assess the microcirculation of the kidney before and after percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

Aim: To evaluate intraoperative changes in renal microcirculation during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), as well as its dynamics in the early postoperative period.

Materials And Methods: A total of 240 patients treated in the Urology Clinic of the Saratov State Medical University in 2021-2022 were included in the study. All patients underwent PCNL.

[Dynamics of osteopontin in serum and urine in the early postoperative period after percutaneous nephrolitho- tomy].

Aim: To evaluate the dynamics of plasma and urine level of osteopontin in the early postoperative period after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with pelvic stones.

Materials And Methods: A total of 110 patients with pelvic stones up to 20 mm in size without urinary tract obstruction were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on the results of intraoperative monitoring of intrarenal pressure.

Direct Synthesis of Mn[Fe(CN)]·nHO Nanosheets as Novel 2D Analog of Prussian Blue and Material for High-Performance Metal-Ion Batteries.

Rechargeable metal-ion batteries (RMIBs) are prospective highly effective and low-cost devices for energy storage. Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have become a subject of significant interest for commercial applications owing to their exceptional specific capacity and broad operational potential window as cathode materials for rechargeable metal-ion batteries. However, the limiting factors for its widespread use are its poor electrical conductivity and stability.

Mitochondrial ATP Synthase and Mild Uncoupling by Butyl Ester of Rhodamine 19, C4R1.

The homeostasis of the transmembrane potential of hydrogen ions in mitochondria is a prerequisite for the normal mitochondrial functioning. However, in different pathological conditions it is advisable to slightly reduce the membrane potential, while maintaining it at levels sufficient to produce ATP that will ensure the normal functioning of the cell. A number of chemical agents have been found to provide mild uncoupling; however, natural proteins residing in mitochondrial membrane can carry this mission, such as proteins from the UCP family, an adenine nucleotide translocator and a dicarboxylate carrier.

An ultra-high-entropy rare earth orthoferrite (UHE REO): solution combustion synthesis, structural features and ferrimagnetic behavior.

A novel ultra-high-entropy rare earth orthoferrite (UHE REO) of ScYLaCePrNdSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuFeO nominal composition was successfully synthesized for the first time through a simple and efficient solution combustion approach. PXRD, Raman, and Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the high chemical and phase purity of the synthesized UHE REO (hereafter denoted as ΣREFeO), which belonged to the space group, typical of the perovskite-like rare earth orthoferrites. Despite the fact that the main X-ray reflections, vibration modes, and spectral Mössbauer components unambiguously indicate the single-phase nature of the sample, the results of SEM and TEM make it possible to establish the presence of a main (about 50 nm) and a minor ultrafine (about 10 nm) fraction of ΣREFeO nanoparticles.

Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury.

New experimental model of kidney injury: Photothrombosis-induced kidney ischemia.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent pathology with a high mortality rate after even a single AKI episode and a great risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. To get insight into mechanisms of the AKI pathogenesis, there is a need to develop diverse experimental models of the disease. Photothrombosis is a widely used method for inducing ischemia in the brain.

Effect of TiO Additives on the Stabilization of -YbFeO and Promotion of Photo-Fenton Activity of -YbFeO/-YbFeO/-TiO Nanocomposites.

Nanostructured hexagonal rare-earth orthoferrites (-RfeO, R = Sc, Y, Tb-Lu) are well known as a highly effective base for visible-light-driven heterojunction photocatalysts. However, their application is limited by metastability, leading to difficulties in synthesis due to the irreversible transformation to a stable orthorhombic structure. In this work, we report on a simple route to the stabilization of -YbFeO nanocrystals by the synthesis of multiphase nanocomposites with titania additives.

Ultrasound-assisted co-precipitation synthesis of GdFeO nanoparticles: structure, magnetic and MRI contrast properties.

Superparamagnetic nanocrystals of gadolinium orthoferrite (GdFeO) with close to isometric morphology were successfully synthesized by heat treatment of gadolinium and iron(III) hydroxides obtained by direct co-precipitation with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The obtained samples were investigated by PXRD, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements, HRTEM and VSM. It was established that ultrasonication during co-precipitation led to a decrease in the average size of GdFeO crystallites obtained after heat treatment by approximately 19%, an increase in their BET specific surface area by more than two times, a decrease in the degree of their aggregation by about five times and an improvement in their magnetic properties due to the increase in phase homogeneity.

Age-Associated Loss in Renal Nestin-Positive Progenitor Cells.

The decrease in the number of resident progenitor cells with age was shown for several organs. Such a loss is associated with a decline in regenerative capacity and a greater vulnerability of organs to injury. However, experiments evaluating the number of progenitor cells in the kidney during aging have not been performed until recently.

Correction: Catalyst supports based on ZnO-ZnAlO nanocomposites with enhanced selectivity and coking resistance in isobutane dehydrogenation.

Correction for 'Catalyst supports based on ZnO-ZnAlO nanocomposites with enhanced selectivity and coking resistance in isobutane dehydrogenation' by Anna N. Matveyeva , , 2022, , 12213-12224, https://doi.org/10.

Size-Dependent Structural, Magnetic and Magnetothermal Properties of YFeO Fine Particles Obtained by SCS.

Iron-containing oxides are the most important functional substance class and find a tremendous variety of applications. An attractive modern application is their use in biomedical technologies as components in systems for imaging, drug delivery, magnetically mediated hyperthermia, etc. In this paper, we report the results of the experimental investigation of submicron YFeO garnet particles obtained in different sizes by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) using glycine organic fuel to discuss the interdependence of peculiarities of the crystal and magnetic structure and size's influence on its functional magnetothermal performance.

Unique Features of the Tissue Structure in the Naked Mole Rat (): Hypertrophy of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Spatial Mitochondrial Rearrangements in Hepatocytes.

The reason for the exceptional longevity of the naked mole rat () remains a mystery to researchers. We assumed that evolutionarily, acquired the ability to quickly stabilize the functioning of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to adjust metabolism to external challenges. To test this, a comparison of the hepatic mitochondria and ER of and C57BL/6 mice was done.