Whose pollution, whose problem? Understanding perceptions of air pollution and implications for clean cooking (for health) in Nairobi schools.

Air pollution is a critical global public health and environmental concern, leading to over 6.7 million premature deaths annually, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the use of polluting fuels for cooking remains widespread. Incorporating perceptions of air pollution is argued as vital for developing effective intervention strategies.

Hierarchical neural processing in γ oscillations for syntactic and semantic operations accounts for first- and second-language epistemology.

Introduction: We discuss event-related power differences (ERPDs) in low- and broadband-γ oscillations as the embedded-clause edge is processed in -dependencies such as in first (L1) and second language (L2) French speakers.

Methods: The experimental conditions manipulated whether pronouns appeared in modifiers (Mods; ) or in noun complements (Comps; ) and whether they matched or mismatched a matrix-clause subject in gender.

Results: Across L1 and L2 speakers, we found that anaphora-linked ERPDs for Mods vs.

Burden of headaches, eye irritation and respiratory symptoms among females stacking LPG with polluting cooking fuels: Modelling from peri-urban Cameroon, Ghana & Kenya.

Introduction: Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a clean cooking fuel that emits less household air pollution (HAP) than polluting cooking fuels (e.g. charcoal, wood).

Household concentrations and female and child exposures to air pollution in peri-urban sub-Saharan Africa: measurements from the CLEAN-Air(Africa) study.

Background: Relatively clean cooking fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) emit less fine particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) than polluting fuels (eg, wood, charcoal). Yet, some clean cooking interventions have not achieved substantial exposure reductions. This study evaluates determinants of between-community variability in exposures to household air pollution (HAP) across sub-Saharan Africa.

Estimated health effects from domestic use of gaseous fuels for cooking and heating in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Background: Exposure to household air pollution from polluting domestic fuel (solid fuel and kerosene) represents a substantial global public health burden and there is an urgent need for rapid transition to clean domestic fuels. Gas for cooking and heating might possibly affect child asthma, wheezing, and respiratory health. The aim of this review was to synthesise the evidence on the health effects of gaseous fuels to inform policies for scalable clean household energy.

Designing Activities to Teach Higher-Order Skills: How Feedback and Constraint Affect Learning of Experimental Design.

Active learning approaches to biology teaching, including simulation-based activities, are known to enhance student learning, especially of higher-order skills; nonetheless, there are still many open questions about what features of an activity promote optimal learning. Here we designed three versions of a simulation-based tutorial called Understanding Experimental Design that asks students to design experiments and collect data to test their hypotheses. The three versions vary the experimental design task along the axes of feedback and constraint, where constraint measures how much choice students have in performing a task.

Food and Nutrition Security as Social Determinants of Health: Fostering Collective Impact to Build Equity.

An overview of the state of the American diet, how it relates to public health outcomes and the obesity epidemic, and how it arises from the policy and infrastructure that have been developed over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries. The article concludes by laying out concrete solutions for urban revitalization, providing people in underserved communities sovereignty over their food supply, and work with multi-stakeholder cooperatives to overcome the effects of food insecurity and poor diet quality.

Did COVID-19 Change the Availability and Use of Clean Energy for Cooking? Evidence From Ghana.

A major part of Ghana's current household energy policy is focused on using a branded cylinder recirculation model (BCRM) to promote the safe use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for primary cooking. The implementation of the BCRM is expected to increase LPG adoption by households to the announced policy goal of 50% of the population by 2030. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of the BCRM, availability, and household use of cleaner fuels.

Motivating vaccination with financial incentives.

Governments and organizations often offer cash payments for vaccination. How effective are such payments? A literature review shows that incentives usually increase vaccination, especially for nonhesitant populations and when using guaranteed payments. Concerns about negative unintended consequences are unsupported.

Individual and community experiences of posttraumatic growth after disaster: 10 years after the Australian Black Saturday bushfires.

Objective: To understand longer-term posttraumatic growth (PTG) and how this is associated with individual and community bushfire experiences.

Method: Survey data ( = 391) from the Beyond Bushfires and the 10-year Beyond Bushfires studies were analyzed. Multilevel modeling examined relationships between basic individual demographics, bushfire exposure, and community-level variables at 3-4 years after the fires, and PTG at 10 years using the short form of the PTG Inventory.

Quantifying the association between psychological distress and low back pain in urban Europe: a secondary analysis of a large cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in Europe and to quantify its associated mental and physical health burdens among adults in European urban areas.

Design: This research is a secondary analysis of data from a large multicountry population survey.

Setting: The population survey on which this analysis is based was conducted in 32 European urban areas across 11 countries.

Multiple aspects of energy poverty are associated with lower mental health-related quality of life: A modelling study in three peri-urban African communities.

Objective: Over 900 million people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) live in energy poverty, relying on cooking polluting fuels (e.g. wood, charcoal).

Financial incentives for vaccination do not have negative unintended consequences.

Financial incentives to encourage healthy and prosocial behaviours often trigger initial behavioural change, but a large academic literature warns against using them. Critics warn that financial incentives can crowd out prosocial motivations and reduce perceived safety and trust, thereby reducing healthy behaviours when no payments are offered and eroding morals more generally. Here we report findings from a large-scale, pre-registered study in Sweden that causally measures the unintended consequences of offering financial incentives for taking the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.

What is the current evidence for the relationship between the climate and environmental crises and child marriage? A scoping review.

Environmental crises such as climate change threaten the realisation of sexual and reproductive health and rights. In this scoping review, we examine the evidence for the relationship between environmental crises and child marriage. We conducted a search of Google Scholar, Scopus and MedLine from their origin to 4th June 2021 for both peer-reviewed academic literature and 'grey' literature.

Complex dynamics in sustaining clean cooking and food access through a pandemic: A COVID-19 impact study in peri-urban Cameroon.

Access to clean energy for cooking is central to achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7. Latest predictions suggest that this goal will not be met by 2030, with further setbacks due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on household cooking fuel, practices and dietary behaviours in a peri-urban community in Central Cameroon.

Health care staff perceptions of gaps and education needs for patient-led preoperative hygiene using chlorhexidine gluconate skin cleansing products.

Through survey-led interviews, health care staff recognizes that patients have different bathing techniques and need more education on chlorhexidine gluconate cleansing. Preliminary findings gathered will be used to develop and test electronic competency-based tools to ensure patients are provided with the same comprehensive instructions before using chlorhexidine gluconate bathing products.

A citywide experiment testing the impact of geographically targeted, high-pay-off vaccine lotteries.

Lotteries have been shown to motivate behaviour change in many settings, but their value as a policy tool is relatively untested. We implemented a pre-registered, citywide experiment to test the effects of three high-pay-off, geographically targeted lotteries designed to motivate adult Philadelphians to get their COVID-19 vaccine. In each drawing, the residents of a randomly selected 'treatment' zip code received half the lottery prizes, boosting their chances of winning to 50×-100× those of other Philadelphians.

Outcomes of an Innovative Best Practice Clinical Immersion Framework: A Pilot Study.

Background: Academic nursing has a long history of partnering with practice-based settings to provide clinical learning experiences for nursing students; however, these placements are not easily obtained, especially in pediatrics.

Approach: A freestanding academic pediatric hospital and 3 academic nursing programs collaborated to provide clinical practice to nursing students hired in a practice-based internship program. A second aim was to pilot a best practice clinical immersion framework to provide academic credit to bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) students using a shared clinical syllabus and e-learning platform.

Variation in common laboratory test results caused by ambient temperature.

Background: Laboratory tests measure important aspects of physiology, but their results also vary for idiosyncratic reasons. We explore an underappreciated source of variation: ambient temperature on the day blood is drawn.

Methods: In a sample of 4,877,039 individuals between 2009-2015, we model 215,234,179 test results as a function of temperature, controlling for individual and city-week fixed effects.

Association between statewide financial incentive programs and COVID-19 vaccination rates.

To promote COVID-19 vaccination, many states in the US introduced financial incentives ranging from small, guaranteed rewards to lotteries that give vaccinated individuals a chance to win large prizes. There is limited evidence on the effectiveness of these programs and conflicting evidence from survey experiments and studies of individual states' lotteries. To assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination incentive programs, we combined information on statewide incentive programs in the US with data on daily vaccine doses administered in each state.

Hematologic malignancies of the breast: report of three cases.

Involvement of the breast by hematologic malignancies is rare and remains an important diagnostic challenge for radiologists. We present the cases of 3 patients diagnosed with hematologic breast malignancies at our institutions. All cases were diagnosed by breast core biopsies, which revealed 2 cases of diffuse B-cell lymphoma and one case of myeloid sarcoma associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML).

Injury modelling for strategic planning in protecting the national infrastructure from terrorist explosive events.

Terrorist events in the form of explosive devices have occurred and remain a threat currently to the population and the infrastructure of many nations worldwide. Injuries occur from a combination of a blast wave, energised fragments, blunt trauma and burns. The relative preponderance of each injury mechanism is dependent on the type of device, distance to targets, population density and the surrounding environment, such as an enclosed space, to name but a few.

Association between household air pollution and nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage in Malawian infants (MSCAPE): a nested, prospective, observational study.

Background: Household air pollution from solid fuels increases the risk of childhood pneumonia. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae is a necessary step in the development of pneumococcal pneumonia. We aimed to assess the association between exposure to household air pollution and the prevalence and density of S pneumoniae carriage among children.

Examining the Environmental Impacts of the Dairy and Baby Food Industries: Are First-Food Systems a Crucial Missing Part of the Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems Agenda Now Underway?

Food systems are increasingly being understood as driving various health and ecological crises and their transformation is recognised as a key opportunity for planetary health. First-food systems represent an underexplored aspect of this transformation. Despite breastfeeding representing the optimal source of infant nutrition, use of commercial milk formula (CMF) is high and growing rapidly.

Monetary incentives increase COVID-19 vaccinations.

The stalling of COVID-19 vaccination rates threatens public health. To increase vaccination rates, governments across the world are considering the use of monetary incentives. Here we present evidence about the effect of guaranteed payments on COVID-19 vaccination uptake.