Patient buy-in to social prescribing through link workers as part of person-centred care: a realist evaluation.

Background: Social prescribing link workers have become part of primary health care in recent years. They help patients to recognise non-medical factors affecting their health and identify sources of support, often in the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector. They form part of wider work to strengthen person-centred care, which actively seeks to engage individuals in decision-making about their health, taking into account their medical, social, psychological, financial and spiritual circumstances.

Experiences of integrating social prescribing link workers into primary care in England: Bolting on, fitting in or belonging.

Background: Following the 2019 NHS Long-Term Plan, link workers (LWs) have been employed across primary care in England to deliver social prescribing (SP).

Aim: To understand and explain how the LW role is being implemented in primary care in England.

Design And Setting: Realist evaluation undertaken in England.

The consequences of micro-discretions and boundaries in the social prescribing link worker role in England: a realist evaluation.

Background: Social prescribing addresses non-medical factors affecting health and well-being. Link workers are key to its delivery by connecting people to relevant support, often in the voluntary, community and social enterprise sector. Funding from the National Health Service means that link workers are becoming a common part of primary care in England.

Follicular DNA Damage and Pesticide Exposure Among Latinx Children in Rural and Urban Communities.

Unlabelled: The intersectional risks of children in United States immigrant communities include environmental exposures. Pesticide exposures and their biological outcomes are not well characterized in this population group. We assessed pesticide exposure and related these exposures to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in Latinx children from rural, farmworker families (FW;  = 30) and from urban, non-farmworker families (NFW;  = 15) living in North Carolina.

Evaluation of supplementary carnosine accumulation and distribution: an initial analysis of participants in the Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity (NEAT) clinical trial.

Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide that buffers intracellular pH and quenches toxic products of lipid peroxidation. Used as a dietary supplement, it also supports exercise endurance. However, the accumulation and distribution of carnosine after supplementation has not been rigorously evaluated.

Women's experiences of intermittent auscultation fetal monitoring in labour: A qualitative study.

Background: Internationally, intermittent auscultation (IA) is recommended for monitoring the fetal heart rate during labour and birth for women with uncomplicated pregnancies. IA can identify changes in the fetal heart rate that may indicate the need for additional care or intervention. IA is a central facet of midwifery practice, but there is little evidence about women's experience of IA.

Implementation and evaluation of pharmacist-led heart failure diagnostic and guideline directed medication therapies clinic.

Background: Timely diagnosis of heart failure (HF) and rapid optimisation of guideline-directed medication therapy (GDMT) improves patients qualities of life, reducing mortality and morbidity. Previous papers describe the role of pharmacists in medication optimisation, but not in the diagnosis of HF.

Aim: To describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of pharmacist-led heart failure clinics with respect to time from referral to diagnosis, time from diagnosis to first review with a specialist, and the proportion receiving optimal GDMT 180 days after diagnosis.

Enhancing Access Through Language-Tailored Approach in Telehealth and Veterans Video Connect: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Veterans Satisfaction Assessment.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can impact language processing, necessitating language-tailored approaches. Telehealth may expand rural Veterans' access but has unknown feasibility for language preferences. This study explored telehealth/Veterans Video Connect satisfaction for Spanish/English TBI screening.

Surface chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl.

The ability to controllably chlorinate metal-oxide surfaces can provide opportunities for designing selective oxidation catalysts. In the present study, we investigated the surface chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that exposing IrO2(110) to HCl, followed by heating to 650 K in ultrahigh vacuum, produces nearly equal quantities of on-top and bridging Cl atoms on the surface, Clt and Clbr, where the Clbr atoms replace O-atoms that are removed from the surface by H2O formation.

Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics of Hispanic Veteran Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Its Association to Mortality: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most common conditions in the military. VA Caribbean Healthcare System (VACHS) patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) have a higher mortality rate than Veterans in other VA health care systems in the United States. The main goal of this study was to develop sociodemographic profiles and outline health characteristics of Hispanic patients with TBI treated at the VA Caribbean Healthcare System in a search for potential explanations to account for the higher mortality rate.

A meta-ethnography of the factors that shape link workers' experiences of social prescribing.

Background: Social prescribing is gaining traction internationally. It is an approach which seeks to address non-medical and health-related social needs through taking a holistic person-centred and community-based approach. This involves connecting people with and supporting them to access groups and organisations within their local communities.

A 2-Year Longitudinal Randomized Control Trial of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training in Aging Adults with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Results of the Think Fast Study.

Nearly 40% of people with HIV (PWH) experience HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND). In this 3-group efficacy study, 216 PWH 40 + years with HAND or borderline HAND were randomized to either: (1) 10 h of SOP training (n = 70); (2) 20 h of SOP training (n = 73), or (3) 10 h of Internet navigation training (n = 73; contact control group). Participants were administered a measure of SOP [i.

A 2-Year, Randomized, Clinical Trial Examining the Effects of Speed of Processing Cognitive Training on Quality-of-Life Indicators in Adults With HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder in Birmingham, Alabama: Results of the Think Fast Study.

Speed of processing (SOP) cognitive training may improve indicators of the quality of life (QoL) in people living with HIV. In this 2-year, longitudinal, randomized, controlled trial, 216 participants ages 40 years and older with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder or borderline HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder were assigned to one of three groups: (a) 10 hr of SOP training (n = 70); (b) 20 hr of SOP training (n = 73), or (c) 10 hr of internet navigation control training (a contact control group; n = 73). Participants completed several QoL measures at baseline, posttest, and Year 1 and Year 2 follow-ups.

Evaluation of a portable, lightweight modular system to deliver high inspired oxygen to trauma casualties without the use of pressurised cylinders.

Introduction: Administering supplemental oxygen is a standard of care for trauma casualties to minimise the deleterious effects of hypoxaemia. Forward deployment of oxygen using pressurised cylinders is challenging, for example, logistics (weight and finite resource) and environmental risk (fire and explosion). Oxygen concentrators may overcome these challenges.

eHealth Literacy and the Use of NHS 111 Online Urgent Care Service in England: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Many health care systems have used digital technologies to support care delivery, a trend amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. "Digital first" may exacerbate health inequalities due to variations in eHealth literacy. The relationship between eHealth literacy and web-based urgent care service use is unknown.

Interventions in ambulatory healthcare settings to reduce social isolation among adults aged 18-64: a systematic review.

Background: Social isolation is associated with increased all-cause and premature mortality, poor chronic disease management, and mental health concerns. Limited research exists on interventions addressing social isolation among individuals under 65 despite its increasing prevalence among young and middle-aged adults.

Aim: To identify interventions from the extant literature that address social isolation and loneliness in ambulatory healthcare settings in adults aged 18-64 and to identify elements of successful studies for future intervention design.

Healthcare professional views about a prehospital redirection pathway for stroke thrombectomy: a multiphase deductive qualitative study.

Background: Mechanical thrombectomy for stroke is highly effective but time-critical. Delays are common because many patients require transfer between local hospitals and regional centres. A two-stage prehospital redirection pathway consisting of a simple ambulance screen followed by regional centre assessment to select patients for direct admission could optimise access.

Reverse-engineered exclusive enteral nutrition in pediatric Crohn's disease: A pilot trial.

Background: In pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), commercial formulas used as exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) are effective at inducing remission. This study aims to assess the impact of a whole-food blended smoothie as EEN on CD activity and the intestinal microbiome.

Methods: A 4-week prospective trial assessed the impact of EEN with a whole-food smoothie on newly diagnosed mild-to-moderate active pediatric CD.

Hospital Inpatient Nutrition Service Errors and Patient Safety Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Food service errors are prevalent in healthcare hospital inpatient settings. Like medication administration errors, these mistakes can result in disastrous consequences. This scoping review aimed to identify the evidence describing hospitals' nutrition department service errors and subsequent patient safety interventions.

Alterations in the fecal microbiota in patients with advanced cystic fibrosis liver disease after 6 months of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor.

Background: Cystic fibrosis associated liver disease (CFLD) carries a significant disease burden with no effective preventive therapies. According to the gut-liver axis hypothesis for CFLD pathogenesis, dysbiosis and increased intestinal inflammation and permeability permit pathogenic bacterial translocation into the portal circulation, leading to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Evaluating the effect of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulation with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) may help determine the role of CFTR in CFLD and increase understanding of CFLD pathogenesis, which is critical for developing therapies.

Barriers and Facilitators to Teledermatology and Tele-Eye Care in Department of Veterans Affairs Provider Settings: Qualitative Content Analysis.

Background: Veterans Affairs health care systems have been early adopters of asynchronous telemedicine to provide access to timely and high-quality specialty care services in primary care settings for veterans living in rural areas. Scant research has examined how to expand primary care team members' engagement in telespecialty care.

Objective: This qualitative study aimed to explore implementation process barriers and facilitators to using asynchronous telespecialty care (teledermatology and tele-eye care services).