Management of recurrent aphthous ulcers with therapeutic Nd:YAG laser, using two different methods.

Background: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been applied for the management of craniomaxillofacial disorders, including intraoral wounds, as well as recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) lesions. However, the proper combination of laser features and tissue characteristics remains the major challenge in the realm of photobiomodulation (PBM).

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the feasibility of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser therapy in treating RAS lesions, and to compare 2 techniques, different with regard to the distance between the fiber tip and the ulcer.

An Overview of Maxillofacial Approaches to Smile Design.

The oral and maxillofacial surgeon (OMS) has the knowledge and skills to make drastic skeletal changes in favor of a more cosmetic smile. OMS can alter intraoral and extraoral soft tissues to make subtle or significant changes in facial cosmesis. This article provides an overview of the scope of the OMS in smile design.

Predictors of Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Cutaneous Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Although completion lymph node dissection (CLND) is not routinely performed for a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) anymore, adjuvant therapy depends on the risk factors available from SLN biopsy, including the risk of nonsentinel node metastases (NSNM). A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in an attempt to identify risk factors that could be used to predict the risk of NSNM.

Materials And Methods: Medline, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for articles discussing predictive factors for NSNM.

Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatomaxillary Expansion With or Without Pterygomaxillary Disjunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to evaluate the outcome measurements of anterior expansion, posterior expansion, and complications after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) with or without pterygomaxillary disjunction (PMD).

Materials And Methods: A computerized database search was performed using PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science. Then, a computerized search was conducted in Google Scholar and ProQuest to overcome publication bias.

Intraosseous heat generation during sonic, ultrasonic and conventional osteotomy.

Objectives: To assess heat generation in osteotomies during application of sonic and ultrasonic saws compared to conventional bur.

Methods: Two glass-fiber isolated nickel-chromium thermocouples, connected to a recording device, were inserted into fresh bovine rib bone blocks and kept in 20 ± 0.5 °C water at determined depths of 1.

Trigeminocardiac reflex: the current clinical and physiological knowledge.

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is defined as the sudden onset of parasympathetic dysrhythmia, sympathetic hypotension, apnea, or gastric hypermotility during stimulation of any of the sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. Clinically, the TCR has been reported in all the surgical procedures in which a structure innervated by the trigeminal nerve is involved. Although, there is an abundant literature with reports of incidences and risk factors of the TCR; the physiological significance and function of this brainstem reflex has not yet been fully elucidated.

Immediate effects of different steps of rhinoplasty on nasolabial angle and tip projection.

Nasolabial angle (NLA) and nasal tip projection (NTP) play an important role in aesthetic nose surgery. Little deviations can determine success and failure. The goal of this study was to analyze the immediate effect of different steps of open rhinoplasty on NLA and NTP.

Bisphosphonates and connexin 43: a critical review of evidence.

Bisphosphonates (BPs) are drugs commonly used in the treatment of various disease arising or affecting bone tissue. There is a standard use in bone neoplasia and metastasis, hormonal and developmental disorders as well as for compensation of adverse effects in several medical therapies. Many in-vivo and in-vitro studies have assessed the efficacy of this drug and its function in cellular scale.

Current state of the effectiveness of problem-based learning in prosthodontics: a systematic review.

The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature on the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) in prosthodontics. Both electronic and manual searches were performed by two reviewers. Of the 440 studies identified, ten met the inclusion criteria (Kappa=0.

Problem-based learning in dental education: a systematic review of the literature.

The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) with that of traditional (non-PBL) approaches in dental education. The search strategy included electronic and manual searches of studies published up to October 2012. The PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome) framework was utilized to guide the inclusion or exclusion of studies.

Trigeminocardiac reflex: current trends.

Since the first introduction of the trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) in 1999, substantial new knowledge about this brainstem reflex has been created. First, by different clinical case reports and case studies, and second, from basic research that gives inputs from bench to bedside. In the present work, the authors therefore introduce the molecular/anatomical knowledge of the TCR and show its different connections to clinical aspects.

The effect of endotracheal tube cuff pressure control on postextubation throat pain in orthognathic surgeries: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial.

Pain in the throat after extubation is one of the most common complaints after maxillofacial operations under general anaesthesia. We have evaluated the amount of pain after extubation when we controlled the pressure in the endotracheal cuff during operation by analysing the records of 43 patients who had maxillofacial operations under general anaesthesia. In the study group (n=20) the cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube was adjusted using a pressure gauge at the beginning of intubation and every hour during operation.

Alloplastic mandibular reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the current century case series.

Background: Alloplastic mandibular reconstruction remains insufficiently predictable, with no systematic reviews to assess its scope and limitations.

Methods: The PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for English study reports, published in the current century, of mere alloplastic surgical reconstruction of mandibular ablative defects.

Results: In 14 articles, there were 944 patients, with a median age of 58.

Long-term outcome assessment of closed treatment of mandibular fractures.

Mandibular fractures are among the most common trauma injuries of the craniomaxillofacial region. This study evaluated the late results of mandibles fractures treated with arch bar. Forty-nine patients were examined clinically and by questionnaires for late results of arch bar treatment.

Neck hairline incision for simultaneous harvesting of temporal and mastoid fasciae: a technical note.

Fasciae are known reservoirs of ideal graft material. The temporalis and mastoid fasciae are 2 of the most important graft reservoirs used by plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The temporalis fascia is harvested predominantly by plastic surgeons, whereas otolaryngologists often prefer the mastoid fascia.

Comparative Microflora Assessment of Natural Sulci vs. Deep and Shallow Implant Sulci in Partial Edentulousness.

The main cause of peri-implantitis and crestal bone resorption is bacterial infection. The present study aimed to comparatively assess the microbiological parameters in sulci around teeth and crowns supported by dental implants and also compare microbiological parameters around deep and shallow implant sulci. In this cross-sectional study, 34 partially edentulous patients with a total of 72 implants (22 deep vs.

Lateral crural transposition flap in tip correction: Tehran retrospective rhinoplasty experience.

Purpose: This study aims to review the authors' experience with the lower lateral crura (LLC) transposition flap in an attempt to highlight its advantages, indications, and limitations.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of 37 rhinoplasties (29 primary cases, 7 secondary cases, and 1 tertiary case) was performed. In all of these, an LLC transposition flap was used by inserting the cephalic portion of the LLCs into a subperichondrial pocket between the medial aspect of the remaining rim strip and the vestibular skin, based on the posterior pedicle.

Freeman-Sheldon syndrome: combined surgical and non-surgical approach.

Background: Many Freeman-Sheldon syndrome patients suffer from extensive microstomia resulting in possible inhibition of dental and skeletal development as well as difficulties in eating, speech and dental hygiene. Oral commissure contraction treatments vary from patient education to complicated surgical and/or prosthetic treatments, but recurrence is often described. This article reports on a combined surgical and non-surgical approach in order to increase maximum mouth opening and maintain the result of the surgery.

Postcraniotomy function of the temporal muscle in skull base surgery: technical note based on a preliminary study.

Purpose: Patients undergoing craniotomies necessitating preparation of the temporal muscle (TM) may experience postoperative functional impairment of the temporomandibular joint. This topic has not been thoroughly discussed in the literature so far. In the present study, the authors propose a questionnaire as an evaluation tool to assess to what degree different TM preparation techniques correlate with postoperative temporomandibular joint dysfunction.

Alveolar bone stress around implants with different abutment angulation: an FE-analysis of anterior maxilla.

Objectives: To comparatively assess the masticatory stress distribution in bone around implants placed in the anterior maxilla with three different labial inclinations.

Materials And Methods: Three-dimensional finite element models were fabricated for three situations in anterior maxilla: (1) a fixture in contact with buccal cortical plate restored by straight abutment, (2) a fixture inclined at 15 degrees, and (3) 20 degrees labially restored with corresponding angled abutment. A palatal bite force of 146 N was applied to a point 3 mm below the incisal edge.

Material attrition and bone micromorphology after conventional and ultrasonic implant site preparation.

Objectives: Little is known about the recently introduced ultrasonic implant site preparation. The purpose of this study was to compare material attrition and micromorphological changes after ultrasonic and conventional implant site preparations.

Material And Methods: Implant site preparations were performed on fresh bovine ribs using one conventional (Straumann, Freiburg, Germany) and two ultrasonic (Piezosurgery; Mectron Medical Technology, Carasco, Italy and Variosurg; NSK, Tochigi, Japan) systems with sufficient saline irrigation.

Molecular imaging for stem cell transplantation in neuroregenerative medicine.

Stem cell transplantation is a promising new therapeutic option in different neurological diseases. However, it was not yet possible to translate its potential from animal models to clinical application. One of the main problems of applying stem cell transplantation in clinical medium is the difficulty of detection, localization, and examination of the stem cells in vivo at both cellular and molecular levels.

Trigeminocardiac reflex, bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy, Gow-Gates block: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: The behavior of trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) during maxillofacial surgeries has not yet been sufficiently studied and knowledge of its behavior is limited to some case reports. The present study aimed to assess the occurrence of TCR in bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy and to determine the possible effect of Gow-Gates block on its incidence.

Materials And Methods: Twenty candidates for bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (included were American Society of Anesthesiologists I Class III patients with a prognathism of 3 to 5 mm) were given routine general anesthesia after at least 12 hours of fasting.

Prevalence and patterns of combat sport related maxillofacial injuries.

Aim: This study was designed to assess the prevalence, distribution, and patterns of injury among athletes engaged in combat sports and compare the prevalence, pattern, and types of oral and maxillofacial trauma in these athletes.

Materials And Methods: A total of 120 male athletes engaged in four combat sports (boxing, taekwondo, kickboxing, and Muay Thai) who had sustained bodily trauma were studied; 95 subjects with at least one traumatic injury to the face requiring treatment were referred to us by the physician team. The type of injury (facial laceration, facial fractures, jaw dislocation, etc.