Relationship Between Airway Examination with LEMON Criteria and Difficulty of Tracheal Intubation with IDS Criteria.

Background: Tracheal intubation is a common technique used to secure a patient's airway, which is crucial in anesthesia. Successful tracheal intubation depends on various factors, including the assessment of the patient's airway before the procedure. In recent years, scoring systems, such as LEMON (an acronym for the assessment of the airway's appearance, identification of any dental issues, evaluation of Mallampati classification, assessment of airway obstruction, and examination of neck mobility) and intubation difficulty scale (IDS) have gained attention.

General Anesthesia in Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome: A Case Report.

Introduction: Schwartz-Jampel syndrome (SJS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by muscle weakness and stiffness, abnormal bone development, short stature, joint contractures, and facial dysmorphisms. Myopathy, anatomical deformities, and malignant hyperthermia are challenging for anesthesiologists.

Case Presentation: This case report describes one case of SJS.

The Effect of Epidural Infusion of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Analgesia After Thoracotomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The unique analgesic properties of dexmedetomidine have led anesthesiologists to use it as an alternative to relieve pain after major surgeries.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous injection of thoracic epidural dexmedetomidine on analgesia after thoracotomy.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 46 patients (18 to 70 years old) who were candidates for thoracotomy surgery were randomly assigned to receive ropivacaine alone or combined with dexmedetomidine after epidural anesthesia as postoperative epidural anesthesia.

Comparison of Ultrasound-Guided Superior Laryngeal Nerve Block with the Traditional Method for Direct Laryngoscopic Biopsy of Supraglottic Masses: A Clinical Trial.

Background: A bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) can provide complete anesthesia for laryngeal sampling and by providing this block we can manage the biopsy of supraglottic masses without the complications of general anesthesia.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare 2 superior laryngeal nerve block (SLNB) methods using ultrasound and the traditional method for direct laryngoscopic surgery for the biopsy of supraglottic masses.

Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, 50 patients undergoing supraglottic laryngeal mass biopsy under direct laryngoscopy were divided into 2 groups.

Comparison of the effect of insulin glargine and regular insulin on perioperative glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under insulin treatment during vitrectomy surgery under general anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial study.

Perioperative glycemic control is an important factor in the clinical management of a patient with diabetes mellitus under surgery. Poorly controlled long-term hyperglycemia not only predisposes individuals to systemic complications of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular morbidity but also increases the risk of anesthesia and weakens the outcome of the surgery. Given the importance of the issue and the limited studies on glucose control using insulin glargine during surgery, we aimed to investigate the effects of glargine on glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus during vitrectomy surgery.

A Comparison of the Effect of Fractionated and Bolus Dose Injection on Spinal Anesthesia for Lower Limb Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: In previous clinical trials and a small number of studies, the fractional injection of anesthetics led to reduced physiological complications and hemodynamic stability and increased duration of anesthesia.

Objectives: The present study intended to compare the effect of fractionated and bolus dose injection of bupivacaine and fentanyl on spinal anesthesia for lower limb fracture surgeries.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 70 patients with lower limb fractures were divided into groups of bolus spinal anesthesia (Group A) and fractional spinal anesthesia (Group B).

Effects of ketamine versus dexmedetomidine maintenance infusion in posterior spinal fusion surgery on acute postoperative pain.

Background: One of the most challenging issues after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) surgery is providing appropriate pain control measures to enhance recovery of the patients. We aimed to compare effects of ketamine versus dexmedetomidine infusion during maintenance of anesthesia on acute postoperative pain in PSF surgery.

Methods: In a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 87 patients candidates for PSF surgery were randomly assigned into three groups.

Emergency Tracheostomy in Two Airway Trauma Patients Suspected of COVID-19: A Case Report.

Coronavirus disease 2019, known as COVID-19, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and became a pandemic on Mar 11, according to the World Health Organization report. In the epidemic of COVID-19, many patients admitted to hospitals for other reasons may be silent carriers of COVID-19 and have the risk of infecting medical personnel. Thus, meticulous personal protection measures should be considered in suspicious patients, especially when close contact with the patient's airway is anticipated.

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Spinal Anesthesia Parameters in Healthy Individuals versus Opium-addict Patients during Lower Limb Surgery.

Background: Studies have reported lower pain threshold, spinal anesthesia duration, and level of sensory block in addicts compared to non-addict patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for surgery. Moreover, blood gas and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were likely to be affected as well. The aim in the present study is to evaluate CSF and spinal parameters in addict versus non-addict patients during lower limb surgery.

The Effect of Nitroglycerine Infusion on Postoperative Pain in Lower Limb Surgery: A Clinical Double-Blind Study.

Background: Acute postoperative pain causes severe discomfort in patients accompanied by hemodynamic and metabolic instability.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin addition on the infusion of intravenous analgesia pump in patients with lower limb orthopedic surgery.

Methods: This study was a double-blind clinical trial conducted on 75 patients with lower limb fracture.

Comparison of Adding Sufentanil and Low-Dose Epinephrine to Bupivacaine in Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial.

Background: Spinal anesthesia, as an effective approach, is widely performed in various surgeries with possible complications. To reduce the side effects, many adjuvants are used to maintain desirable sensory and motor blockades and increase the quality and prolong the analgesia.

Methods: In the current double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 105 participants aged 18 - 60 years with ASA class I or II who were candidate for lower limb surgery were randomly allocated to patients receiving bupivacaine 15 mg + normal saline 1 mL (B group), bupivacaine 15 mg + epinephrine 10 µg (BE group), and bupivacaine 15 mg + sufentanyl 5 µg (BS group).

Comparative addition of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl to intrathecal bupivacaine in orthopedic procedure in lower limbs.

Background: Spinal block is a common procedure for lower limbs surgery. Fentanyl, a synthetic opioid and dexmedetomidine, a selective α2 agonist have been used as adjuvants in spinal anesthesia to prolong intraoperative and postoperative analgesia. The aim of current study is to compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and fentanyl added to intrathecal bupivacaine in orthopedic procedures in lower limbs.

The effect of intraoperative lung protective ventilation vs conventional ventilation, on postoperative pulmonary complications after cardiopulmonary bypass.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of high positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP) and low tidal volume (TV) and recruitment maneuver, on postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. This study is a randomized double blind clinical trial on 64 patients who were undergoing CABG surgery, and were randomly divided into two groups of conventional ventilation (C-Vent) with TV of 9 mL/kg and PEEP=0 cm H2O, and lung protective ventilation (P-Vent), with 6 mL/kg TV and PEEP=10 cm H2O with recruitment maneuver every 30 minutes. Measures of PPCs and modified clinical pulmonary infection score (mCPIS), were assessed for the first 24 hours of postoperative time in order to evaluate the pulmonary complications.

Comparison of ultrasound-guided posterior transversus abdominis plane block and lateral transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing cesarean section: a randomized double-blind clinical trial study.

Background: Due to the importance of pain control after abdominal surgery, several methods such as transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block are used to reduce the pain after surgery. TAP blocks can be performed using various ultrasound-guided approaches. Two important approaches to do this are ultrasound-guided lateral and posterior approaches.

The Relation Between Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Syndrome and Trauma Severity in Patients With Distal Tibia Fracture.

Background: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) syndrome is a multifactorial disorder with clinical features of neurogenic inflammation that causes hypersensitivity to pain or severe allodynia as well as blood flow problems, swelling, skin discoloration and maladaptive neuroplasticity due to vasomotor disorders. Patients with major trauma are prone to homeostasis leading to inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ distress syndrome. Several studies have investigated the etiology of this condition, but the cause remains unknown.

The effect of low dose fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia on the neonatal apgar score in cesarean section delivery: randomized, double-blind controlled trial.

Background: The administration of opioids before induction of general anesthesia can be considered as a problem in cesarean section. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intravenous Fentanyl as a premedication before induction of general anesthesia versus placebo on maternal hemodynamic parameters and on the first and fifth minutes Apgar score in the neonates in elective cesarean delivery.

Methods: This double- blinded, randomized, clinical trial study was conducted in 2014-2015 at Vali-e-Asr hospital, Birjand, Iran.

Comparing the Effects of 5% Albumin and 6% Hydroxyethyl Starch 130/0.4 (Voluven) on Renal Function as Priming Solutions for Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: The ideal strategy to prime the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit in adult cardiac surgery is still a matter of debate.

Objectives: In this retrospective study, we examined Albumin solution and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) for priming the CPB circuit and evaluated the differences in kidney function and bleeding and coagulation status in the two groups of patients.

Patients And Methods: Sixty consecutive patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting were studied.

The effects of warmed intravenous fluids, combined warming (warmed intravenous fluids with humid-warm oxygen), and pethidine on the severity of shivering in general anesthesia patients in the recovery room.

Background: Shivering is a common complication of general and epidural anesthesia. Warming methods and many drugs are used for control of shivering in the recovery room. The present study is a randomized clinical trial aimed to investigate the effects of two interventions in comparison with pethidine which is the routine treatment on shivering in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with general anesthesia.

The Effects of Nitroglycerine on Pain Control During the Propofol Injection; a Controlled, Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The use of Propofol often results in pain upon injection, which is sometimes very distressing for patients. Many patients report some degree of pain or discomfort on injection with propofol. Injection-induced pain during induction of anesthesia can result in patient's discomfort.

Effects of opium addiction on level of sensory block in spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine for lower abdomen and limb surgery: a case-control study.

Background: In clinical practice, the level of sensory block in spinal anesthesia in opium abusers is lower than that in non-abusers because of adaptive changes caused by opium use.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of sensory block resulting from the intrathecal administration of 0.5% bupivacaine in opium abuser patients undergoing lower extremity and lower abdominal surgeries.

Anesthetic effects of adding intrathecal neostigmine or magnesium sulphate to bupivacaine in patients under lower extremities surgeries.

Background: Regional anesthesia is widely used to perform different surgical procedures including those performed on the extremities. In this study, the anesthetic effects of adding intrathecal neostigmine or magnesium sulphate to bupivacaine in patients under lower extremities surgeries were assessed.

Materials And Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 90 patients, candidate for lower extremities surgeries in a training hospital, were recruited.