Radioimmunotherapy combating biofilm-associated infection .

Background: Addressing prosthetic joint infections poses a significant challenge within orthopedic surgery, marked by elevated morbidity and mortality rates. The presence of biofilms and infections attributed to () further complicates the scenario.

Objective: To investigate the potential of radioimmunotherapy as an innovative intervention to tackle biofilm-associated infections.

Porous photo-crosslinked hybrid networks based on poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) and recombinant human-like collagen.

Hybrid hydrogel networks were prepared from recombinant human-like collagen (rh-collagen) and poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) (P (TMC-co-ε-CL)) to overcome the mechanical and bioactivity limitations associated with the respective individual networks. Both polymers were functionalised with methacrylic anhydride to yield photo-crosslinkable materials. Porous hybrid networks of different compositions were prepared by photo-crosslinking frozen mixtures of solutions of the functionalized polymers in acidified DMSO.

[Ga]Ga-RAYZ-8009: A Glypican-3-Targeted Diagnostic Radiopharmaceutical for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Molecular Imaging-A First-in-Human Case Series.

To date, the imaging and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) rely on CT/MRI, which have well-known limitations. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a cell surface receptor highly expressed by HCC but not by normal or cirrhotic liver tissue. Here we report initial clinical results of GPC3-targeted PET imaging with [Ga]Ga-DOTA-RYZ-GPC3 (RAYZ-8009), a peptide-based GPC3 ligand in patients with known or suspected HCC.

Polymeric nanofiber leveraged co-delivery of anti-stromal PAK1 inhibitor and paclitaxel enhances therapeutic effects in stroma-rich 3D spheroid models.

The role of tumor stroma in solid tumors has been widely recognized in cancer progression, metastasis and chemoresistance. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in matrix remodeling and promoting cancer cell stemness and resistance via reciprocal crosstalk. Residual tumor tissue after surgical removal as well as unresectable tumors face therapeutic challenges to achieve curable outcome.

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor Expression and Its Potential Application for Theranostics in Subtypes of Ovarian Tumors: A Systematic Review.

Ovarian cancer mortality rates have not decreased significantly in the past years. As most women are still diagnosed in an advanced stage, there is a need for new treatment strategies for recurrent disease. A potentially new developing targeted approach, theranostics, combines diagnostics and treatment using radiopharmaceuticals.

Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [C]EAI045 as a PET tracer for imaging tumors expressing mutated epidermal growth factor receptor.

Background: Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain are common in non-small cell lung cancer. Conventional tyrosine kinase inhibitors target the mutation site in the ATP binding pocket, thereby inhibiting the receptor's function. However, subsequent treatment resistance mutations in the ATP binding site are common.

Enantioselective Synthesis of Carbon-11-Labeled Amino Acids and Peptides.

Radiolabeled amino acids (AAs), their derivatives, and peptides are essential radiotracers in nuclear imaging. Despite its potential, the preparation of enantiopure radiopharmaceuticals poses several challenges, demanding a great need for rapid and stereocontrolled reactions. This chapter describes a highly stereoselective carbon-11 alkylation of Schiff bases, to obtain radiolabeled AAs and small peptides.

In Vitro and In Vivo Degradation of Photo-Crosslinked Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate-co-ε-Caprolactone) Networks.

Three-armed poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) and poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-Ɛ-caprolactone) (P(TMC-co-ε-CL)) macromers with molecular weights of approximately 30 kg mol are synthesized by ring-opening polymerization and subsequent functionalization with methacrylic anhydride. Networks are then prepared by photo-crosslinking. To investigate the in vitro and in vivo degradation properties of these photo-crosslinked networks and assess the effect of ε-caprolactone content on the degradation properties, PTMC networks, and copolymer networks with two different TMC:ε-CL ratios are prepared.

Sentinel lymph node detection in thyroid carcinoma using [Ga]Ga-tilmanocept PET/CT: a proof-of-concept study.

Purpose: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is rarely used for thyroid carcinoma staging. This is due to challenges associated with conventional Tc-99m-labeled tracers, often producing a large hotspot at the injection site, potentially hiding nearby SLNs (shine-through effect). The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of SLN visualization using the new PET tracer [Ga]Ga-tilmanocept.

Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of [-C]brigatinib as a PET Tracer Targeting Both Mutated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase.

Brigatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with specificity for gene rearranged anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), such as the EML4-ALK, has shown a potential to inhibit mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In this study, -desmethyl brigatinib was successfully synthesized as a precursor in five steps. Radiolabeling with [C]methyl iodide produced [-C]brigatinib in a 10 ± 2% radiochemical yield, 91 ± 17 GBq/μmol molar activity, and ≥95% radiochemical purity in 49 ± 4 min.

Enzymatic post-crosslinking of printed hydrogels of methacrylated gelatin and tyramine-conjugated 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) to prepare interpenetrating 3D network structures.

Methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) has been intensively studied as a 3D printable scaffold material in tissue regeneration fields, which can be attributed to its well-known biological functions. However, the long-term stability of photo-crosslinked GelMA scaffolds is hampered by a combination of its fast degradation in the presence of collagenase and the loss of physical crosslinks at higher temperatures. To increase the longer-term shape stability of printed scaffolds, a mixture of GelMA and tyramine-conjugated 8-arm PEG (8PEGTA) was used to create filaments composed of an interpenetrating network (IPN).

Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of two osimertinib isotopologues labeled with carbon-11 as PET tracers targeting the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor.

Introduction: Osimertinib is a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is able to inhibit the EGFR treatment resistance mutation T790M and primary EGFR mutations Del19 and L858R. The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of carbon-11 labeled osimertinib to be used as a tracer for the PET imaging of tumors bearing the T790M mutation.

Methods: Osimertinib was labeled with carbon-11 at two positions, and the effect of the labeling position on the metabolism and biodistribution was studied in female nu/nu mice.

Imaging the TGFβ type I receptor in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activity is perturbed in remodelled pulmonary vasculature of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), cancer, vascular diseases and developmental disorders. Inhibition of TGFβ, which signals via activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), prevents progression and development of experimental PAH. The purpose of this study was to assess two ALK5 targeting positron emission tomography (PET) tracers ([C]LR111 and [F]EW-7197) for imaging ALK5 in monocrotaline (MCT)- and Sugen/hypoxia (SuHx)-induced PAH.

Evaluating the Targeting of a -Infected Implant with a Radiolabeled Antibody In Vivo.

Implant infections caused by are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation, which complicates surgical and antibiotic treatment. We introduce an alternative approach using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting and provide evidence of the specificity and biodistribution of --targeting antibodies in a mouse implant infection model. The monoclonal antibody 4497-IgG1 targeting wall teichoic acid in was labeled with indium-111 using CHX-A"-DTPA as a chelator.

Influence of Redox Couple on the Performance of ZnO Dye Solar Cells and Minimodules with Benzothiadiazole-Based Photosensitizers.

ZnO-based dye-sensitized solar cells exhibit lower efficiencies than TiO-based systems despite advantageous charge transport dynamics and versatility in terms of synthesis methods, which can be primarily ascribed to compatibility issues of ZnO with the dyes and the redox couples originally optimized for TiO. We evaluate the performance of solar cells based on ZnO nanomaterial prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis, using three fully organic benzothiadiazole-based dyes YKP-88, YKP-137, and MG-207, and alternative electrolyte solutions with the I/I , Co(bpy) , and Cu(dmp) redox couples. The best cell performance is achieved for the dye-redox couple combination YKP-88 and Co(bpy) , reaching an average efficiency of 4.

Hybrid Networks of Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(trimethylene carbonate) for Tissue Regeneration.

To improve the mechanical performance of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogels, we prepared novel hybrid hydrogels consisting of hydrophilic HA and hydrophobic poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC). Both polymers were functionalized with methacrylic anhydride, yielding HAMA and PTMC-tMA. Hybrid networks with different ratios of PTMC-tMA:HAMA were prepared by photo-cross-linking, using DMSO pH 2.

Biologicals as theranostic vehicles in paediatric oncology.

Biologicals, such as antibodies or antibody-fragments e.g. nanobodies, have changed the landscape of cancer therapy and can be used in combination with traditional cancer treatments.

Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of [C]LR111 and [F]EW-7197 as PET tracers of the activin-receptor like kinase-5.

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway plays a complex role in cancer biology, being involved in both tumour suppression as well as promotion. Overactive TGFβ signalling has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and fibrosis. One of the key meditators within this pathway is the TGFβ type I receptor, also termed activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5).

Noninfectious sternal wound inflammation after coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome: A no-touch approach.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, chronic inflammatory noninfectious dermatosis. It is associated with underlying systemic or hematological diseases such as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and can be triggered after surgery. Recognition and diagnosis of PG can be difficult as it can mimic a wound infection.

Hyperpolarized [5-C,4,4-H,5-N]-L-glutamine provides a means of annotating in vivo metabolic utilization of glutamine.

Glutamine is consumed by rapidly proliferating cells and can provide the carbon and nitrogen required for growth through various metabolic pathways. However, delineating the metabolic fate of glutamine is challenging to interrogate in vivo. Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance, by providing high transient nuclear magnetic resonance signals, provides an approach to measure fast biochemical processes in vivo.

3D Lung-on-Chip Model Based on Biomimetically Microcurved Culture Membranes.

A comparatively straightforward approach to accomplish more physiological realism in organ-on-a-chip (OoC) models is through substrate geometry. There is increasing evidence that the strongly, microscale curved surfaces that epithelial or endothelial cells experience when lining small body lumens, such as the alveoli or blood vessels, impact their behavior. However, the most commonly used cell culture substrates for modeling of these human tissue barriers in OoCs, ion track-etched porous membranes, provide only flat surfaces.

The Development of Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for In Vivo Targeting the Kinase Domain of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.

Multiple small molecule PET tracers have been developed for the imaging of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These tracers target the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of the receptor and have been used for both quantifying EGFR expression and to differentiate between EGFR mutational statuses. However, the approaches for in vivo evaluation of these tracers are diverse and have resulted in data that are hard to compare.