Femtosecond Laser-Induced Photothermal Effects of Ultrasmall Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles on the Viability of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells.

Laser-induced photothermal therapy using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has emerged as a promising approach to cancer therapy. However, optimizing various laser parameters is critical for enhancing the photothermal conversion efficacy of plasmonic nanomaterials. In this regard, the present study investigates the photothermal effects of dodecanethiol-stabilized hydrophobic ultrasmall spherical AuNPs (TEM size 2.

Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles for Photothermal Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Low-Intensity Femtosecond Laser Irradiation.

Graphene oxide-mediated photothermal therapy using femtosecond lasers has recently shown promise in treating hepatocellular carcinoma. However, significant work remains to optimize irradiation parameters for specific nanoparticle types and cancer cells to improve nanomaterial-mediated photothermal anticancer therapy. This study investigated the photothermal potential of nGO and nGO-PEG nanoparticles (NPs) combined with femtosecond laser irradiation at 515 nm and 1030 nm wavelengths, with varying power (0.

Doxorubicin loaded thermostable nanoarchaeosomes: a next-generation drug carrier for breast cancer therapeutics.

Breast cancer has a poor prognosis due to the toxic side effects associated with high doses of chemotherapy. Liposomal drug encapsulation has resulted in clinical success in enhancing chemotherapy tolerability. However, the formulation faces severe limitations with a lack of colloidal stability, reduced drug efficiency, and difficulties in storage conditions.

Effects of Hydrophobic Gold Nanoparticles on Structure and Fluidity of SOPC Lipid Membranes.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising candidates in various biomedical applications such as sensors, imaging, and cancer therapy. Understanding the influence of AuNPs on lipid membranes is important to assure their safety in the biological environment and to improve their scope in nanomedicine. In this regard, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of different concentrations (0.

Archaeosomes: New Generation of Liposomes Based on Archaeal Lipids for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications.

Archaeosomes are a new generation of stable liposomes composed of natural ether lipids extracted from archaea, or synthetic archaeal lipids. Archaea constitute a domain of single-celled microorganisms that are structurally similar to but evolutionarily distinct from bacteria. They synthesize unique membrane lipids with isoprenoid hydrocarbon side chains attached via an ether linkage to the glycerol-phosphate backbone.

Dual Role of Gold Nanorods: Inhibition and Dissolution of Aβ Fibrils Induced by Near IR Laser.

Extracellular plaques of amyloid beta (Aβ) fibrils and neurofibrillary tangles are known to be associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Studies have shown that spherical nanoparticles inhibit the formation of Aβ fibrils by intercepting the nucleation and growth pathways of fibrillation. In this report, gold nanorods (AuNRs) are used to inhibit the formation of Aβ fibrils and the shape-dependent plasmonic properties of AuNRs are exploited to faciliate faster dissolution of mature Aβ fibrils.

Phospholipid stabilized gold nanorods: towards improved colloidal stability and biocompatibility.

Biocompatible and colloidally stable gold nanorods (GNRs) with well-defined plasmonic properties are essential for biomedical and theranostic applications. The as-synthesized GNRs using the seed-mediated method are stabilized by the surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which is known for its cytotoxicity in many cell lines. Biocompatible GNRs synthesized using known protocols exhibit some extent of cytotoxicity and colloidal instability because of the incomplete removal of CTAB.

Effect of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on fluidity and phase transition of phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with multifunctional properties have shown great promise in theranostics. The aim of our work was to compare the effects of SPIONs on the fluidity and phase transition of the liposomal membranes prepared with zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine lipids. In order to study if the surface modification of SPIONs has any influence on these membrane properties, we have used four types of differently functionalized SPIONs, such as: plain SPIONs (primary size was shown to bê11 nm), silica-coated SPIONs, SPIONs coated with silica and functionalized with positively charged amino groups or negatively charged carboxyl groups (the primary size of all the surface-modified SPIONs was ~20 nm).

Interactions of divalent calcium ions with head groups of zwitterionic phosphatidylcholine liposomal membranes.

The interaction of the divalent calcium ions with the zwitterionic lipid membranes was studied by measuring the lipid order parameter which is inversely proportional to the membrane fluidity. Small unilamellar lipid vesicles were prepared from 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and then treated with different concentrations of divalent calcium ions. An increase in the order parameter and decrease in the fluidity of the liposomal membranes were observed after treatment with the calcium ions.

Influence of nanoparticle-membrane electrostatic interactions on membrane fluidity and bending elasticity.

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of electrostatic interactions between the nanoparticles and the membrane lipids on altering the physical properties of the liposomal membrane such as fluidity and bending elasticity. For this purpose, we have used nanoparticles and lipids with different surface charges. Positively charged iron oxide (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles, neutral and negatively charged cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles were encapsulated in neutral lipid 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and negatively charged 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine lipid mixture.

Interaction between dipolar lipid headgroups and charged nanoparticles mediated by water dipoles and ions.

In this work, a theoretical model describing the interaction between a positively or negatively charged nanoparticle and neutral zwitterionic lipid bilayers is presented. It is shown that in the close vicinity of the positively charged nanoparticle, the zwitterionic lipid head groups are less extended in the direction perpendicular to the membrane surface, while in the vicinity of the negatively charged nanoparticle, the headgroups are more extended.This result coincides with the calculated increase in the osmotic pressure between the zwitterionic lipid surface and positively charged nanoparticle and the decrease of osmotic pressure between the zwitterionic lipid surface and the negatively charged nanoparticle.

Multifunctional superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: promising tools in cancer theranostics.

Iron-oxide nanoparticles of small dimensions that have superparamagnetic properties show immense potential to revolutionize the future of cancer theranostics, the combinatorial diagnosis and therapeutic approach towards cancer. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have unique magnetic properties, due to which they show excellent tumor-targeting efficiency, and this paves the way for effective personalized cancer treatment. The aim of this review is to focus on the ability of SPIONs to perform multiple roles in the field of cancer biology, such as in diagnosis, monitoring, targeting and therapy.