Inosine attenuates post-stroke neuroinflammation by modulating inflammasome mediated microglial activation and polarization.

To date, various agents and molecules have been developed to treat post-stroke neuroinflammation; however, none of them are clinically successful. Post-stroke neuroinflammation is primarily attributed to microglial polarization as the generation of inflammasome complexes shifts microglia to their M1 phenotype and regulates the downstream cascade. Inosine, an adenosine derivative reported to maintain cellular energy homeostasis in stressed conditions.

Routine use of depth of anaesthesia monitoring in patients receiving volatile anaesthesia: is it worth it?

This article discusses the place of routine use of depth of anaesthesia monitoring in patients receiving volatile anaesthesia. Benefits include reducing the probability of accidental awareness or excessive depth of anaesthesia, and creating training opportunities to improve familiarity with its use, but these must be weighed against the costs, as it may not be advantageous from a cost-benefit perspective.

Glial Cells Response in Stroke.

As the second-leading cause of death, stroke faces several challenges in terms of treatment because of the limited therapeutic interventions available. Previous studies primarily focused on metabolic and blood flow properties as a target for treating stroke, including recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and mechanical thrombectomy, which are the only USFDA approved therapies. These interventions have the limitation of a narrow therapeutic time window, the possibility of hemorrhagic complications, and the expertise required for performing these interventions.

Efficacy of Capecitabine Plus Irinotecan vs Irinotecan Monotherapy as Second-line Treatment in Patients With Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: A Multicenter Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial (GB-SELECT).

Importance: There is therapeutic uncertainty regarding use of combination or single-agent chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with gallbladder cancer who experience disease progression after first-line chemotherapy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of capecitabine plus irinotecan (CAPIRI) vs irinotecan (IRI) alone in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC) who have disease progression after gemcitabine-based first-line treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The GB-SELECT trial was a multicenter, open-label, phase 2, randomized clinical trial of CAPIRI vs IRI alone for treatment of gallbladder cancer in patients who had disease progression after prior gemcitabine-based chemotherapy.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Combined with the Bethesda System of Reporting.

Background: Image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is emerging as an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of thyroid swellings.

Aim: This study aims to assess the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided FNAC combined with "The Bethesda system' of reporting as a primary screening test for all thyroid lesions.

Settings And Design: A prospective cohort study was made and all the US-guided FNACs done were followed up to find out the histopathological diagnoses wherever surgery was done.

I-gel versus laryngeal mask airway-Proseal: Comparison of two supraglottic airway devices in short surgical procedures.

Background And Aims: Supraglottic airway devices have been established in clinical anesthesia practice and have been previously shown to be safe and efficient. The objective of this prospective, randomized trial was to compare I-Gel with LMA-Proseal in anesthetized spontaneously breathing patients.

Material And Methods: Sixty patients undergoing short surgical procedures were randomly assigned to I-gel (Group I) or LMA- Proseal (Group P).