Re-imagining curriculum in India: Charting a path beyond the pandemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic has made visible the sharp economic, health, caste-based, gender, and educational inequalities that the disadvantaged face in India. Curriculum is ordinarily viewed as a tool for regulating and adapting modern educational systems to society's needs and trends. But most governments have been unwilling to rethink post-pandemic education, despite the loss of livelihoods, food, and shelter - accentuated by educational inequality and institutionalised via neoliberal reforms.

Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: pictorial review of chest radiographic and CT findings.

Pulmonary coccidioidomycosis is a fungal disease endemic to the desert regions of the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The incidence of reported disease increased substantially between 1998 and 2011, and the infection is encountered beyond the endemic areas because of a mobile society. The disease is caused by inhalation of spores of Coccidioides species.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria on chronic dyspnea: suspected pulmonary origin.

Chronic dyspnea of pulmonary origin raises concern for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or interstitial lung disease. A chest radiograph is recommended as the initial imaging study. When chest radiography is nonrevealing or provides no definitive diagnosis, a high-resolution chest computed tomography is indicated.

A common polymorphism in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene is associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in Schizophrenia.

Antipsychotic-induced weight gain has emerged as a serious complication in the treatment of patients with atypical antipsychotic drugs. The cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) is expressed centrally in the hypothalamic region and associated with appetite and satiety, as well as peripherally. An antagonist of CNR1 (rimonabant) has been effective in causing weight loss in obese patients indicating that CNR1 might be important in antipsychotic-induced weight gain.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria on acute respiratory illness.

In a patient with acute respiratory illness (cough, sputum production, chest pain, and/or dyspnea), the need for chest imaging depends on the severity of illness, age of the patient, clinical history, physical and laboratory findings, and other risk factors. Chest radiographs seem warranted when one or more of the following are present: age > or = 40; dementia; a positive physical examination; hemoptysis; associated abnormalities (leukocytosis, hypoxemia); or other risk factors, including coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or drug-induced acute respiratory failure. Chest CT may be warranted in complicated cases of severe pneumonia and in febrile neutropenic patients with normal or nonspecific chest radiographic findings.

Postoperative complications of lung transplantation: radiologic findings along a time continuum.

In the past decade, lung transplantation has become established as an accepted therapy for end-stage pulmonary disease. Complications of lung transplantation that may occur in the immediate or longer postoperative term include mechanical problems due to a size mismatch between the donor lung and the recipient thoracic cage; malposition of monitoring tubes and lines; injuries from ischemia and reperfusion; acute pleural events; hyperacute, acute, and chronic rejection; pulmonary infections; bronchial anastomotic complications; pulmonary thromboembolism; upper-lobe fibrosis; primary disease recurrence; posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorder; and native lung complications such as hyperinflation, malignancy, and infection. Radiologic imaging--particularly chest radiography, computed tomography (CT), and high-resolution CT--is critical for the early detection, evaluation, and diagnosis of complications after lung transplantation.

Automated classification of lung bronchovascular anatomy in CT using AdaBoost.

Lung CAD systems require the ability to classify a variety of pulmonary structures as part of the diagnostic process. The purpose of this work was to develop a methodology for fully automated voxel-by-voxel classification of airways, fissures, nodules, and vessels from chest CT images using a single feature set and classification method. Twenty-nine thin section CT scans were obtained from the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC).

Computer-aided lung nodule detection in CT: results of large-scale observer test.

Rationale And Objectives: The objective is to study the incremental effects of using a computer-aided lung nodule detection (CAD) system on the performance of a large pool of observers.

Materials And Methods: A set of eight thin-section computed tomographic data sets with limited longitudinal coverage, containing a total of 22 lung nodules, was analyzed by using the automated nodule detection system. When applied to all eight cases, the CAD system alone achieved a detection rate of 86.

Solitary pulmonary nodule diagnosis on CT: results of an observer study.

Rationale And Objectives: To investigate the performance of observers with different levels of experience in distinguishing between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) on CT, and to determine the effects on interpretation of three different conditions: image data alone, the addition of clinical data, and the addition of output from a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system.

Materials And Methods: 28 thin-section CT datasets of SPNs with proven diagnoses (15 malignant and 13 benign) were used to measure observer performance. Readers were categorized according to their experience and read the cases in random order.

Supervision of residents by faculty radiologists using home workstations.

Our purpose was to determine if a home-based faculty radiologist equipped with a high-resolution workstation could add new information to residents' readings on overnight computed chest images that was equivalent to the new information generated by faculty reviewers inside the hospital. Teleconferencing software was installed on home workstations for online supervision of residents by faculty on chest images from a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. Critical observations that could affect patient care were recorded by first-year radiology residents before and after teleconferencing with the home-based radiologist.