Health Communication and Adherence to Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Domiciliary noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a standard treatment for improving health outcomes among patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF). However, poor adherence substantially limits its therapeutic effectiveness.

Objective: To determine the effect of an information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills-based intervention (IMB-NIV program) on NIV adherence, patient-reported health outcomes, and health service use among patients with CHRF.

Widespread Adoption of Precision Anticancer Therapies After Implementation of Pathologist-Directed Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Across a Large US Health System.

Purpose: Precision therapies and immunotherapies have revolutionized cancer care, with novel genomic biomarker-associated therapies being introduced into clinical practice rapidly, resulting in notable gains in patient survival. Despite this, there is significant variability in the utilization of tumor molecular profiling that spans the timing of test ordering, comprehensiveness of gene panels, and clinical decision support through therapy and trial recommendations.

Methods: To standardize testing, we designed a pathologist-directed test ordering system at the time of diagnosis using a 523-gene DNA/RNA hybrid comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) panel and extensive clinical decision support tools.

A whole-slide foundation model for digital pathology from real-world data.

Digital pathology poses unique computational challenges, as a standard gigapixel slide may comprise tens of thousands of image tiles. Prior models have often resorted to subsampling a small portion of tiles for each slide, thus missing the important slide-level context. Here we present Prov-GigaPath, a whole-slide pathology foundation model pretrained on 1.

Investigation on the accuracy of field widths and the quantitative relationship with energy variations for dynamic jaws helical tomotherapy.

Background And Purpose: TomoEDGE is an advanced technology for TomoTherapy treatment delivery by introducing a sliding-window dynamic jaw motion. The front and back jaws move independently at the start and end of a target volume along the longitudinal couch direction to reduce the undesired dose to the normal tissues. The accuracy of field width is essential to treatment delivery in this regard.

Factors that affect water column hydrocarbon concentrations have minor impacts on microbial responses following simulated diesel fuel spills.

Effects of season and mixing on hydrocarbon concentrations and the microbial community response was explored in a series of mesocosm experiments simulating surface spills of diesel into coastal waters. Mixing of any amount contributed to hydrocarbons entering the water column, but diesel fuel composition had a significant effect on hydrocarbon concentrations. Higher initial concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons resulted in higher water column concentrations, with minimal differences among seasons due to high variability.

Toward structuring real-world data: Deep learning for extracting oncology information from clinical text with patient-level supervision.

Most detailed patient information in real-world data (RWD) is only consistently available in free-text clinical documents. Manual curation is expensive and time consuming. Developing natural language processing (NLP) methods for structuring RWD is thus essential for scaling real-world evidence generation.

Multilingual translation for zero-shot biomedical classification using BioTranslator.

Existing annotation paradigms rely on controlled vocabularies, where each data instance is classified into one term from a predefined set of controlled vocabularies. This paradigm restricts the analysis to concepts that are known and well-characterized. Here, we present the novel multilingual translation method BioTranslator to address this problem.

Cost-utility analysis of robotic-assisted radical cystectomy for bladder cancer compared to open radical cystectomy in the United Kingdom.

Background: Bladder cancer is the tenth most common cancer in the United Kingdom. Currently, open radical cystectomy (ORC) is the gold standard. Due to the risk of complications and a 2.

BioGPT: generative pre-trained transformer for biomedical text generation and mining.

Pre-trained language models have attracted increasing attention in the biomedical domain, inspired by their great success in the general natural language domain. Among the two main branches of pre-trained language models in the general language domain, i.e.

Toxicological effects of fresh and aged gasoline exhaust particles in Hong Kong.

Exhaust emissions from gasoline vehicles are one of the major contributors to aerosol particles observed in urban areas. It is well-known that these tiny particles are associated with air pollution, climate forcing, and adverse health effects. However, their toxicity and bioreactivity after atmospheric ageing are less constrained.

Proximal humerus fractures: anatomy, diagnosis and management.

Proximal humeral fractures are common with a bimodal distribution and sex discrepancy, affecting younger men and older women. The presentation of a proximal humeral fracture can vary greatly because of this bimodal distribution and the associated differences in mechanism of injury. Initial management should involve assessment of life- and limb-threatening injuries as outlined by the British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma, with particular attention paid to axillary nerve function and vascular status.

The role of carbonate mineral dissolution in turbidity reduction in an oil sands end pit lake.

Surface water turbidity from dispersed clay particles can hinder the development of aquatic ecosystems. One of the primary objectives for proposed oil sands end pit lakes is that they support ecological functions and lake-specific wildlife habitat. However, high surface water turbidity has been observed in the Base Mine Lake cap water, the first full-scale demonstration oil sands end pit lake.

Organosulfates in Ambient Aerosol: State of Knowledge and Future Research Directions on Formation, Abundance, Fate, and Importance.

Organosulfates (OSs), also referred to as organic sulfate esters, are well-known and ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric aerosol particles. Commonly, they are assumed to form upon mixing of air masses of biogenic and anthropogenic origin, that is, through multiphase reactions between organic compounds and acidic sulfate particles. However, in contrast to this simplified picture, recent studies suggest that OSs may also originate from purely anthropogenic precursors or even directly from biomass and fossil fuel burning.

To rub or not to rub? - effective rigid contact lens cleaning.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of cleaning of rigid contact lenses using two care solutions with and without rubbing.

Methods: A masked randomised trial was conducted. The cleaning efficacy of two solutions recommended for rigid contact lenses, a one-step hydrogen peroxide solution (HP) and a povidone iodine-based solution (PI), were evaluated on 64 unworn orthokeratology (ortho-k) lenses subsequent to cleaning with rubbing (R) with a surfactant cleaner or without rubbing (NR).

Hierarchical gated recurrent neural network with adversarial and virtual adversarial training on text classification.

Document classification aims to assign one or more classes to a document for ease of management by understanding the content of a document. Hierarchical attention network (HAN) has been showed effective to classify documents that are ambiguous. HAN parses information-intense documents into slices (i.

Augmenting subnetwork inference with information extracted from the scientific literature.

Many biological studies involve either (i) manipulating some aspect of a cell or its environment and then simultaneously measuring the effect on thousands of genes, or (ii) systematically manipulating each gene and then measuring the effect on some response of interest. A common challenge that arises in these studies is to explain how genes identified as relevant in the given experiment are organized into a subnetwork that accounts for the response of interest. The task of inferring a subnetwork is typically dependent on the information available in publicly available, structured databases, which suffer from incompleteness.

Soy hydrolysate mimic autocrine growth factors effect of conditioned media to promote single CHO-K1 cell proliferation.

The increasingly competitive biopharmaceutical industry requires companies to focus on rapid and low-cost cell line development. Single-cell cloning (SCC) is a critical and high-value process for cell line development, and typically problematic because single cell proliferates slowly when cultivated at low cell densities. Conditioned media (CM) provide autocrine growth factors to facilitate single cell proliferation, thus improve SCC efficiency.

Evolution of robotic systems for transoral head and neck surgery.

Oropharyngeal tumor is traditionally resected from an open approach, often necessitating the need of a midline mandibulotomy in order to remove tumor safely with oncologic margins. The limitations imposed by a transoral route include poor visualization of the inferior extent of the oropharynx, rigid instrumentation, and inability to resect tumor that extends caudally into the supraglottis. While visualization with angled endoscopes, coupled with flexible laser development and microscopic magnification may overcome some of these limitations, this technique suffers from linear trajectory of the instruments which hampers expedient surgical resection in a 3-dimensional fashion.

Effects of nuclear factor I phosphorylation on calpastatin () gene variant expression and subcellular distribution in malignant glioma cells.

Malignant glioma (MG) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. In addition to having inherent resistance to radiation treatment and chemotherapy, MG cells are highly infiltrative, rendering focal therapies ineffective. Genes involved in MG cell migration and glial cell differentiation are up-regulated by hypophosphorylated nuclear factor I (NFI), which is dephosphorylated by the phosphatase calcineurin in MG cells.

Search for γ-Ray Line Signals from Dark Matter Annihilations in the Inner Galactic Halo from 10 Years of Observations with H.E.S.S.

Spectral lines are among the most powerful signatures for dark matter (DM) annihilation searches in very-high-energy γ rays. The central region of the Milky Way halo is one of the most promising targets given its large amount of DM and proximity to Earth. We report on a search for a monoenergetic spectral line from self-annihilations of DM particles in the energy range from 300 GeV to 70 TeV using a two-dimensional maximum likelihood method taking advantage of both the spectral and spatial features of the signal versus background.