Prediction of the octanol-water partition constant of neutral compounds by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using alternative organic solvent modifiers.

Reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) offers significant advantages over traditional methods for estimating octanol-water partition constants, which are a critical parameter in drug discovery. In contrast to classical methods for determining the octanol-water partition constant, such as shake-flask techniques, RPLC is less time-consuming and easier to automate. In this study, we explored three alternative organic solvent modifiers: acetone, 2-propanol, and tetrahydrofuran for the indirect determination of the octanol-water partition constant for neutral compounds by RPLC using either isocratic retention factors or retention factors extrapolated to 100 % water for several stationary phases.

Four-Dimensional Flow MRI for Cardiovascular Evaluation (4DCarE): A Prospective Non-Inferiority Study of a Rapid Cardiac MRI Exam: Study Protocol and Pilot Analysis.

Background: Accurate measurements of flow and ventricular volume and function are critical for clinical decision-making in cardiovascular medicine. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the current gold standard for ventricular functional evaluation but is relatively expensive and time-consuming, thus limiting the scale of clinical applications. New volumetric acquisition techniques, such as four-dimensional flow (4D-flow) and three-dimensional volumetric cine (3D-cine) MRI, could potentially reduce acquisition time without loss in accuracy; however, this has not been formally tested on a large scale.

The repeatability of behavioural laterality during nest building in zebra finches.

Cerebral laterality is a widespread phenomenon across animals and refers to the specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain for perceptual, cognitive and behavioural tasks. Behavioural laterality occurs in several contexts, including foraging, mate selection, predator detection and tool manufacture. Behavioural laterality during nest building, however, has rarely been addressed.

Predicting biophysical properties of small molecules from chromatographic measurements and the solvation parameter model.

Biopartitioning processes are challenging to study and often require the sacrifice of multiple animals. Therefore, it is more practical and cost-effective to correlate these processes with easily determined properties, such as chromatographic retention data, or to make predictions based on structural descriptors such as quantitative structure-property relationships or linear free energy relationships. Abraham's solvation parameter model uses six solute properties to characterize the interactions responsible for the transfer of neutral compounds between immiscible phases in chromatographic or biological systems.

Cell Population-resolved Multi-Omics Atlas of the Developing Lung.

The lung is a vital organ that undergoes extensive morphological and functional changes during postnatal development. To disambiguate how different cell populations contribute to organ development, we performed proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of four sorted cell populations from the lung of human subjects aged 0 to 8 years-old with a focus on early life. The cell populations analyzed included epithelial, endothelial, mesenchymal, and immune cells.

Restful Rehabilitation: Sleep's Essential Role in Occupational Therapy Education, Intervention, and Research.

All humans have the occupational right to sleep; therefore, occupational therapy practitioners must prioritize sleep with their clients. In this column, we identify ways to incorporate sleep health into the education and training of occupational therapy practitioners. This starts with identifying entry-level and continuing education opportunities to proclaim sleep as an occupation and a basic biological need.

Hazard Ratios and Alternative Effect Measures: An Applied Illustration.

Purpose: Although the limitations of hazard ratios (HRs) for quantifying treatment effects in right-censored data have been widely discussed, HRs are still preferentially reported over other, more interpretable effect measures. This may stem from the fact that there are few applied examples that directly contrast the HR and its interpretation with alternative effect measures.

Methods: We analyzed data from two randomized clinical trials comparing panitumumab plus standard-of-care chemotherapy (SOCC) with SOCC alone as first- and second-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.

Use of Sensitivity Analyses to Assess Uncontrolled Confounding from Unmeasured Variables in Observational, Active Comparator Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies: A Systematic Review.

Understanding the potential for, direction, and magnitude of uncontrolled confounding is critical for generating informative real-world evidence. Many sensitivity analyses are available to assess robustness of study results to residual confounding, but it is unclear how researchers are using these methods. We conducted a systematic review of published active comparator cohort studies of drugs or biologics to summarize use of sensitivity analyses aimed at assessing uncontrolled confounding from an unmeasured variable.

Evaluation of the Goss-modified solvation parameter model for the characterization of biphasic systems and descriptor assignments.

The solvation parameter model uses six descriptors identified as excess molar refraction, E, dipolarity/polarizability, S, overall hydrogen-bond acidity, A, overall hydrogen-bond basicity, B, McGowan's characteristic volume, V, and the gas-liquid partition constant on hexadecane at 25 °C, L to model the distribution of neutral compounds in biphasic systems. Abraham's version of this model uses all six descriptors with two separate linear free energy relationship models for the transfer of compounds from a gas phase to a condensed phase and between condensed phases. Goss proposed a modification to this model that uses a single calibration model regardless of the physical state for each phase and five of the descriptors employed in Abraham's model (E descriptor is eliminated).

Continued professional development (CPD) provision for nurses: A qualitative exploration.

Background: For approximately 1.5 million healthcare practitioners working and registered within the United Kingdom there exists a mandatory requirement to undertake Continued Professional Development. Internationally, healthcare Continued Professional Development is fundamental for frontline staff to practice safely, effectively and maintain up to date skills combined with knowledge.

CT-Based Hounsfield Units for Pre-donation Liver Steatosis Assessment: Enhancing Transplant Outcomes and Efficiency.

Steatotic liver grafts are associated with increased post-transplant complications and graft failure. The field of transplantation faces a challenge in the absence of a reliable pre-donation protocol for quantitatively assessing steatosis in cadaveric liver grafts. Current pre-donation evaluation protocols often involve non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest and/or abdomen as an initial step in organ donation assessment.

Skeletal muscle density performance for screening frailty in older adults with cancer and the impact of diabetes: The CARE Registry.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle density (SMD) measurements from imaging scans identify myosteatosis and could screen patients for geriatric assessment. We assessed SMD performance as a screening tool to identify older adults with cancer likely to be frail and who could benefit from in-depth assessment; we compared performance by sex and diabetes status.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed patients in the Cancer & Aging Resilience Evaluation (CARE) Registry.

Guidelines for descriptor assignments for the solvation parameter model by separation techniques.

The solvation parameter model uses six compound descriptors to model equilibrium properties in biphasic systems formally defined as excess molar refraction, E, dipolarity/polarizability, S, overall hydrogen-bond acidity, A, overall hydrogen-bond basicity, B, McGowan's characteristic volume, V, and the gas-liquid partition constant on hexadecane at 25 °C, L. The V descriptor can be assigned from structure and the E descriptor for compounds liquid at 20 °C can be calculated from its refractive index and characteristic volume. The E descriptor for compounds solid at 20 °C and the S, A, B, and L descriptors are assigned from experimental properties traditionally obtained by chromatographic, liquid-liquid partition, and solubility measurements.

COPD With Lung Cancer Among Older United States Adults: Prevalence, Diagnostic Timeliness, and Association With Earlier Stage Tumors.

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common comorbidity among patients with lung cancer, and an important determinant of their outcomes, however, it is commonly underdiagnosed.

Objective: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of COPD among a cohort of U.S.

Combined oral contraceptive utilization and uterine fibroid incidence: A prospective study in a cohort of African-American women.

Published associations between combined oral contraceptive use and uterine fibroid development have lacked prospective imaging with ultrasound to distinguish between incident and prevalent fibroids. The Study of Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids prospectively followed fibroid-free, African-American women (the group with the highest disease burden in the U.S.

Water and Sanitation Access for Children in Alabama.

Background And Objectives: Safe drinking water and closed sanitation are fundamental to health and are assumed in the United States, however, gaps remain, disproportionately affecting marginalized communities. We sought to describe household sanitation access for children in rural Alabama and local health provider knowledge of sanitation related health concerns.

Methods: Data were collected from self-administered surveys obtained from children enrolled in a larger cross-sectional study to determine soil transmitted helminthiasis prevalence in Alabama, from a survey of health providers from local federally qualified health centers and from a baseline knowledge check of Alabama health providers enrolled in an online sanitation health course.

Assessment of liquid-liquid partition for the assignment of descriptors for the solvation parameter model.

The solvation parameter model uses five system independent descriptors to characterize compound properties defined as excess molar refraction, E, dipolarity/polarizability, S, hydrogen-bond acidity, A, hydrogen-bond basicity, B, and McGowan's characteristic volume, V, to model transfer properties between condensed phases. The V descriptor is assigned from structure. For compounds liquid at 20 °C the E descriptor can be assigned from the characteristic volume and its refractive index.

Investigating the Needs and Concerns of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, or Questioning Cancer Patients.

The needs and concerns of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) patients with cancer remain poorly understood. This is important as LGBTQ+ patients have an elevated risk of developing certain cancers and have poorer oncologic outcomes compared to non-LGBTQ+ patients. The lack of research may be linked to the complexity of studying the needs and concerns of this patient population.

In praise of postgraduate career clinics: Translating health professionals' willingness to engagement.

Aim: To capture and retain healthcare staff in postgraduate courses relevant to individual career aspirations, service requirements and continuous practice development (CPD) within an English UK university.

Design: Two virtual career clinics for postgraduate practitioners to engage in CPD offers within the university. An online post-enrolment online survey to explore their experiences of engagement with the university.

Determination of solvation parameter model compound descriptors by gas chromatography.

The solvation parameter model uses five system independent descriptors to characterize compound properties defined as excess molar refraction, E, dipolarity/polarizability, S, hydrogen-bond acidity, A, hydrogen-bond basicity, B, and the gas-liquid partition constant at 25 °C on n-hexadecane, L, to model transfer properties in gas-condensed phase biphasic systems. The E descriptor for compounds liquid at 20 °C is available by calculation using a refractive index value while E for solid compounds at 20 °C and the S, A, B, and L descriptors are determined by experiment. As a single-technique approach, it is shown that with up to 20 retention factor measurements on four columns comprising a poly(siloxane) containing methyloctyl or dimethyldiphenylsiloxane monomers (SPB-Octyl or HP-5), a poly(siloxane) containing methyltrifluoropropylsiloxane monomers (Rtx-OPP or DB-210), a poly(siloxane) containing bis(cyanopropylsiloxane) monomers (HP-88 or SGE BPX-90), and a poly(ethylene glycol) stationary phase (DB-WAXetr or HP-INNOWAX) are suitable for assigning the S, A, and L descriptors.

Determination of the hydrogen-bond basicity descriptor by reversed-phase liquid chromatography.

Except for alkanes, most organic compounds are hydrogen-bond bases. The B° descriptor of the solvation parameter model provides a convenient measure of the effective (or summation) hydrogen-bond basicity of organic compounds. A fast and convenient method to assign the B° descriptor is required to support studies of hydrogen-bonding in separation systems.

Determination of descriptors for the principal flavor compounds of the cinnamons of commerce by gas chromatography and liquid-liquid partition.

Descriptors for fourteen semivolatile organic compounds associated with the authenticity, botanical origin, and flavor potential of the cinnamons of commerce were determined using the Solver method and experimental retention factors determined by gas chromatography at several temperatures on a minimum of seven selectivity-selected, open-tubular columns and liquid-liquid partition constants in up to twenty totally organic biphasic systems. The six descriptors that encode the solvation properties of the compounds were used to predict water-gas, octanol-gas, and octanol-water partition constants commonly employed to assess environmental distribution properties. For octanol-water partition constants, log K, the predicted partition constants exhibited an average absolute deviation of 0.

Geriatric Assessment Impairment Profiles and Mortality in Older Adults With Gastrointestinal Cancers: Latent Class Analysis of the CARE Registry.

Background: Many older adults with cancer have ≥2 impairments on geriatric assessment, which affects present and future frailty status, treatment tolerability, and outcomes. Our objective was to identify and describe distinct geriatric assessment impairment classes using latent class analysis (LCA) in older patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and assess 1-year mortality.

Methods: We used the Cancer & Aging Resilience Evaluation (CARE) Study, a registry of older adults (≥60 years) at University of Alabama at Birmingham.

Barriers and facilitators faced by individuals with intellectual disabilities and/or autism when accessing primary healthcare.

Individuals with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder experience healthcare inequalities and have more unmet healthcare needs than the general population. Despite this, there is a sparsity of literature exploring the views of individuals with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability. This article summarises and evaluates an integrated review that explores the barriers and facilitators those with intellectual disability and/or autism spectrum disorder face when accessing primary healthcare.

Risk Factors for Enteric Pathogen Exposure among Children in Black Belt Region of Alabama, USA.

We collected stool from school-age children from 352 households living in the Black Belt region of Alabama, USA, where sanitation infrastructure is lacking. We used quantitative reverse transcription PCR to measure key pathogens in stool that may be associated with water and sanitation, as an indicator of exposure. We detected genes associated with 1 targets in 26% of specimens, most frequently (6.