The regulatory interplay between miRNA and DNA methylation orchestrates vital ovarian functions and associated traits in PCOS.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of amenorrhea and anovulatory infertility in women of reproductive age. Both gene polymorphisms and tissue-specific epigenetic alterations, which determine gene transcription and translation dynamics in disease-states, strongly influence PCOS development. Particularly, promoter-proximal DNA methylation and microRNA expression changes show strong associations with follicular defects, suggesting post-transcriptional dysregulation of localized gene networks.

Antigen presentation plays positive roles in the regenerative response to cardiac injury in zebrafish.

In contrast to adult mammals, adult zebrafish can fully regenerate injured cardiac tissue, and this regeneration process requires an adequate and tightly controlled immune response. However, which components of the immune response are required during regeneration is unclear. Here, we report positive roles for the antigen presentation-adaptive immunity axis during zebrafish cardiac regeneration.

Evidence for TET-mediated DNA demethylation as an epigenetic alteration in cumulus granulosa cells of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Peripheral and tissue-specific alterations in global DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine (5mC)) and DNA hydroxymethylation (5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)) profiles have been identified as both biomarkers for disease prediction and as hallmarks of dysregulated localized gene networks. Global and gene-specific epigenetic alterations in the 5mC profiles have shown widespread implications in the etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there has been no study in PCOS that integrates the quantification of 5mC and 5hmC signatures alongside the expression levels of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes as respective indicators of methylation and demethylation pathways.

sMAdCAM: IL-6 Ratio Influences Disease Progression and Anti-Viral Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The role of sMAdCAM, an important gut immune migratory marker, remains unexplored in COVID-19 pathogenesis considering recent studies positing the gut as a sanctuary site for SARS-CoV-2 persistence. Thus, assimilating profiles of systemic inflammatory mediators with sMAdCAM levels may provide insights into the progression of COVID-19 disease. Also, the role of these markers in governing virus specific immunity following infection remains largely unexplored.

DNA methylome profiling of granulosa cells reveals altered methylation in genes regulating vital ovarian functions in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) manifest a host of ovarian defects like impaired folliculogenesis, anovulation, and poor oocyte quality, which grossly affect their reproductive health. Addressing the putative epigenetic anomalies that tightly regulate these events is of foremost importance in this disorder. We therefore aimed to carry out DNA methylome profiling of cumulus granulosa cells and assess the methylation and transcript expression profiles of a few differentially methylated genes contributing to ovarian defects in PCOS.

Pathomechanisms of polycystic ovary syndrome: Multidimensional approaches.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine disorder affecting numerous women of reproductive age across the globe. Characterized mainly by irregular menses, hirsutism, skewed LH: FSH ratios and bulky polycystic ovaries, this multifactorial endocrinopathy results in unfavorable reproductive and metabolic sequelae, including anovulatory infertility, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in later years. Increasing evidence has shown that the manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is attributable to a cumulative impact of altered genetic, epigenetic and protein profiles which bring about a systemic dysfunction.

LINE1 CpG-DNA Hypomethylation in Granulosa Cells and Blood Leukocytes Is Associated With PCOS and Related Traits.

Context: Altered global DNA methylation is indicative of epigenomic instability concerning chronic diseases. Investigating its incidence and association with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is essential to understand the etiopathogenesis of this disorder.

Objectives: We assessed global DNA methylation differences in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) of controls and women with PCOS; and their association with PCOS and its traits.