Evidence-Based Lessons From Two Decades of Implementation Research on Complementary Feeding Programmes.

Child nutrition has serious long-term development implications. Evidence-based frameworks and models are urgently needed to reduce deficits in infants and young children's diets on a large scale. Our paper reviews 32 publications and five impact evaluations of programmes in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nepal, Nigeria and Vietnam to identify what worked and why; the quality of evidence, diversity of countries and multi-level interventions on a large scale were selection criteria.

Caste, wealth and geographic equity in program reach and expected outcomes: an exploratory analyses of in Nepal.

Introduction: Monitoring and evaluation of maternal and child nutrition programs typically concentrates on overall population-level results. There is limited understanding, however, of how intervention reach and expected outcomes differ among sub-populations, necessary insight for addressing inequalities. These analyses aim to determine if maternal exposure to social and behavior change (SBC) interventions is associated with scales of maternal practices (antenatal care, iron and folic acid in pregnancy, diet in pregnancy, postnatal care, iron and folic acid postpartum, and maternal dietary diversity) and child practices (institutional birth, health mothers' group participation, growth monitoring and promotion, early initiation of breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding) in Nepal, overall and by wealth, caste, and geography.

Text messages to improve young child diets: Results from a cluster-randomized controlled trial in Kanchanpur, Nepal.

The objective of this study was to test whether adding a text message campaign about the importance of eating eggs and other nutrition-related behaviours to an on-going package of large-scale, diverse social and behaviour change interventions would improve four types of nutrition-related knowledge and behaviour outcomes: child diets (egg consumption as the primary outcome), maternal diets, maternal nutrition knowledge, and maternal participation in additional interventions. The cluster-randomized controlled trial involved a repeat cross-sectional design, recruiting families with children 12-23 months of age at baseline and endline in one plains district of Nepal. Throughout the 1000-day period, 51 text messages were sent to each household at specific time points to reinforce ideal diets and other nutrition-related practices and promote engagement with community health workers and other intervention platforms.

The costs of Suaahara II, a complex scaled-up multisectoral nutrition programme in Nepal.

Limited evidence exists on the costs of scaled-up multisectoral nutrition programmes. Such evidence is crucial to assess intervention value and affordability. Evidence is also lacking on the opportunity costs of implementers and participants engaging in community-level interventions.

A qualitative study of Suaahara II influence on nutrition governance in Nepal.

Maternal and child undernutrition remain major public health problems in Nepal. Suaahara is a USAID-funded multi-sectoral nutrition programme aiming to strengthen local nutrition governance to reduce maternal and child undernutrition, among other objectives. The purpose of this study is to present findings from a recent qualitative evaluation of Suaahara II's influence on the decentralised implementation of Nepal's Multi-sectoral Nutrition Plan (MSNP) and identifying gaps and areas for improvement at the federal, provincial, and local levels to strengthen nutrition governance.

Perceived risk of infection, ethical challenges and motivational factors among frontline nurses in Covid-19 pandemic: prerequisites and lessons for future pandemic.

Background: Infection risk was significant for front-line nurses during the Covid-19 outbreak. The pandemic presented several ethical difficulties and sapped nurses' drive to labor harder for longer periods. This study evaluates registered nurses' perceptions of Covid-19 infection risk, ethical dilemmas, and motivating factors.

Unleashing the photocatalytic potential of a noble-metal-free heteroleptic copper complex-based nanomaterial for an enhanced aza-Henry reaction.

In this work, we fabricated a versatile and noble metal free copper-based heterogeneous photocatalyst, representing a green shift away from precious group metals such as Ir, Ru, Pt, which have been widely utilized as photocatalysts. The successfully synthesized and characterized copper photocatalyst was employed to establish a cross dehydrogenative coupling C-H activation between tertiary amines and carbon nucleophiles. The highly efficient copper-based photocatalyst was characterized by numerous physico-chemical techniques, which confirmed its successful formation as well as its high activity.

Efficacy of the Standard Breast Crawl Technique on Maternal and Newborn Outcomes After Term Vaginal Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: The breast crawl technique is a strategy for initiating breastfeeding during the first hour of life, an important goal with long-lasting effects on newborn health and development. However, there is a lack of research to back up the benefits of the standard breast crawl technique over routine skin-to-skin care.

Methods: A single-center single-masked randomized controlled trial was conducted among 132 women who had given birth vaginally to a full-term newborn.

Hierarchical 3D Flower-like Metal Oxides Micro/Nanostructures: Fabrication, Surface Modification, Their Crucial Role in Environmental Decontamination, Mechanistic Insights, and Future Perspectives.

Hierarchical micro/nanostructures are constructed by micro-scaled objects with nanoarchitectures belonging to an interesting class of crystalline materials that has significant applications in diverse fields. Featured with a large surface-to-volume ratio, facile mass transportation, high stability against aggregation, structurally enhanced adsorption, and catalytical performances, three dimenisional (3D) hierarchical metal oxides have been considered as versatile functional materials for waste-water treatment. Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional water purification protocols for reclamation of water, lately, the use of hierarchical metal oxides has emerged as an appealing platform for the remediation of water pollution owing to their fascinating and tailorable physiochemical properties.

Preparation and characterization of the -BN/FeO/APTES-AMF/Cu nanocomposite as a new and efficient catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of 2-amino-4-aryl(or heteroaryl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-chromene-3-carbonitriles.

The intriguing features of surface-engineered hexagonal two-dimensional boron nitride (-BN) nanostructures have captivated the immense interest of researchers working in the arena of materials science. Inspired by striking attributes exhibited by -BN nanosheets as the support material, we devoted our efforts towards synthesizing a novel magnetically retrievable -BN/FeO/APTES-AMF/Cu catalytic system, which was then comprehensively characterized using various techniques including SEM, TEM, EDX, SEM-based elemental mapping, ED-XRF, AAS, XRD, FT-IR, VSM, XPS, TGA, and BET. Further, the catalytic potential of -BN/FeO/APTES-AMF/Cu nanocomposites was investigated in the one-pot multicomponent coupling reaction to gain access to a library of biologically active 2-amino-4-aryl(or heteroaryl)-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-chromene-3-carbonitriles under ambient conditions.

Development of heterogeneous photocatalysts the covalent grafting of metal complexes on various solid supports.

To date, remarkable progress has been achieved in the development of photocatalysts owing to their high activity, selectivity, and tunable light absorption in the visible light range. Recently, heterogeneous photocatalytic systems have emerged as potential candidates due to their beneficial attributes (, high surface area, ease of functionalization and facile separation). Herein, we provide a concise overview of the rational design of heterogeneous photocatalysts by grafting photoactive complexes on heterogeneous support matrices covalent grafting and their detailed characterization techniques, which have been followed by the landmark examples of their applications.

Health Mothers' Groups in Nepal: Barriers, Facilitators, and Recommendations.

Background: Nepal's female community health volunteers (FCHVs) each lead a monthly health mothers' group (HMG) to share health-related information and engage communities in the health system. (SII), a US Agency for International Development-funded multisectoral nutrition program, uses social and behavior change interventions to promote HMG participation and uses its health systems interventions to strengthen HMG quality.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore HMG functionality and variation across Nepal, including barriers and facilitators to attending HMG meetings.

An Earth-abundant cobalt based photocatalyst: visible light induced direct (het)arene C-H arylation and CO capture.

In this work, we have reported a noble metal free heterogeneous photocatalyst to carry out direct (het)arene C-H arylation and solvent-free CO capture single-electron transfer processes at room temperature and under pressure. The catalytic system comprises a cobalt(III) complex grafted over the silica coated magnetic support for the efficient recovery of the photocatalytic moiety without hampering its light-harvesting capability. The novel Earth-abundant cobalt(III) based photocatalyst possesses various fascinating properties such as high surface area to volume ratios, large pore volume, crystalline behaviour, high metal loading, excellent stability and reusability.

Enhanced catalysis through structurally modified hybrid 2-D boron nitride nanosheets comprising of complexed 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone motif.

Tuning the structural architecture of the pristine two dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets through rational surface engineering have proven advantageous in the fabrication of competent catalytic materials. Inspired by the performance of h-BN based nanomaterials in expediting key organic transformations, we channelized our research efforts towards engineering the inherent surface properties of the exclusively stacked h-BN nanosheets through the incorporation of a novel competent copper complex of a bidentate chelating ligand 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP). Delightfully, this hybrid nanomaterial worked exceptionally well in boosting the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of azide and nitriles, providing a facile access to a diverse variety of highly bioactive tetrazole motifs.

Ingeniously designed Silica nanostructures as an exceptional support: Opportunities, potential challenges and future prospects for viable degradation of pesticides.

Despite significant advancements in modern agricultural practices, efficient handling of pesticides is a must as they are continuously defiling our terrestrial as well as aquatic life. During the last couple of decades, substantial efforts by various research groups have been devoted to find innovative solutions to remove pesticides from our environment in a greener way. In this regard, functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) have gained considerable attention of scientific community due to their notable properties such as amenable design, large surface area as well as fine-tunable and uniform pore structures which make them an ideal material for pesticides removal.

Paradigm shift of "classical" HDAC inhibitors to "hybrid" HDAC inhibitors in therapeutic interventions.

'Epigenetic' regulation of genes via post-translational modulation of proteins is the current mainstay approach for the disease therapies, particularly explored in the Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) class of enzymes. Mainly sight saw in cancer chemotherapeutics, HDAC inhibitors have also found a promising role in other diseases (neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and viral infections) and successfully entered in various combination therapies (pre-clinical/clinical stages). The prevalent flexibility in the structural design of HDAC inhibitors makes them easily tuneable to merge with other pharmacophore modules for generating multi-targeted single hybrids as a novel tactic to overcome drawbacks of polypharmacy.

Maternal Decision-Making Input and Health-Seeking Behaviors Between Pregnancy and the Child's Second Birthday: A Cross-Sectional Study in Nepal.

Objectives: Maternal health-seeking behaviors are critical to improving maternal and child health in low-income countries. This study investigates associations between maternal decision-making input and their health-seeking behaviors in the first 1000-day period between pregnancy and a child's second birthday in Nepal.

Methods: We used data from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2018 in 16 districts of Nepal.

A template free protocol for fabrication of a Ni(ii)-loaded magnetically separable nanoreactor scaffold for confined synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in water.

In the present report, an environmentally benign magnetically recoverable nickel(ii)-based nanoreactor as a heterogeneous catalyst has been developed a template free approach. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalyst is assessed in the confined oxidative coupling of arenethiols with arylhydrazines to form unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides under aerobic conditions. The salient features of our protocol include oxidant- and ligand-free conditions, use of water as a green solvent, room temperature and formation of nitrogen and water as the only by-products.

Silica-Coated Magnetic-Nanoparticle-Supported DABCO-Derived Acidic Ionic Liquid for the Efficient Synthesis of Bioactive 3,3-Di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones.

In this work, biologically significant 3,3-di(indolyl)indolin-2-ones have been synthesized using a silica-coated magnetic-nanoparticle-supported 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-derived and acid-functionalized ionic liquid as the catalytic entity.

Degree of exposure to interventions influences maternal and child dietary practices: Evidence from a large-scale multisectoral nutrition program.

The prevalence of maternal and child malnutrition in Nepal is among the highest in the world, despite substantial reductions in the last few decades. One effort to combat this problem is Suaahara II (SII), a multi-sectoral program implemented in 42 of Nepal's 77 districts to improve dietary diversity (DD) and reduce maternal and child undernutrition. Using cross-sectional data from SII's 2017 annual monitoring survey, this study explores associations between exposure to SII and maternal and child DD.

Cross-dehydrogenative C(sp)-C(sp) coupling via C-H activation using magnetically retrievable ruthenium-based photoredox nanocatalyst under aerobic conditions.

In the present work, we report the fabrication of a highly versatile ruthenium-based magnetically recoverable photoredox nanocatalyst with a large surface area. This visible light harvesting nanocatalyst was effectively used for cross-dehydrogenative coupling via C-H activation between tertiary amines and various carbon nucleophiles with high regioselectivity to afford the C-C coupled products in good to excellent yield using air as an oxidant under ambient conditions. The Ru-based catalyst was found to be a potential candidate from economical and environmental perspectives due to its magnetic recoverability and reusability.

Manganese Oxide Nanochips as a Novel Electrocatalyst for Direct Redox Sensing of Hexavalent Chromium.

In order to maintain a healthy organisation of bionetworks, both qualitative and quantitative estimation of hexavalent chromium in food and beverage samples is required based on proper quality control and assurance. Nonetheless, conventional quantitation techniques for hexavalent chromium generally suffer from certain limitations (e.g.

The evolution of vertical climbing in primates: evidence from reaction forces.

Vertical climbing is an essential behavior for arboreal animals, yet limb mechanics during climbing are poorly understood and rarely compared with those observed during horizontal walking. Primates commonly engage in both arboreal walking and vertical climbing, and this makes them an ideal taxa in which to compare these locomotor forms. Additionally, primates exhibit unusual limb mechanics compared with most other quadrupeds, with weight distribution biased towards the hindlimbs, a pattern that is argued to have evolved in response to the challenges of arboreal walking.