A comprehensive review on therapeutic potentials of photobiomodulation for neurodegenerative disorders.

A series of experimental trials over the past two centuries has put forth Photobiomodulation (PBM) as a treatment modality that utilizes colored lights for various conditions. While in its cradle, PBM was used for treating simple conditions such as burns and wounds, advancements in recent years have extended the use of PBM for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). PBM has exhibited the potential to curb several symptoms and signs associated with NDDs.

Monochromatic visible lights modulate the timing of pre-adult developmental traits in Drosophila melanogaster.

Light exposure impacts several aspects of Drosophila development including the establishment of circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine regulation, life-history traits, etc. Introduction of artificial lights in the environment has caused almost all animals to develop ecological and physiological adaptations. White light which comprises different lights of differing wavelengths shortens the lifespan in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster.

Could Galectin-3 be a key player in the etiology of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?

Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized primarily by transverse myelitis (TM) and optic neuritis (ON). Serum antibodies of the IgG class to the water channel protein aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are associated with NMOSD in most cases. These antibodies are thought to cause functional abnormality or changed expressional pattern of AQP4 channel proteins in the CNS lesions.

Literature review on virus and host response proteins in COVID-19: pathobiology, management, diagnosis and treatment.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which was declared by WHO as a cause of global pandemic. By human-to-human transmission it caused severe damage to mankind with increased mortality rate worldwide. Coronavirus is a spherical enveloped virus with single stranded positive-sense RNA with a size of ~30 kilobases encoding various structural, non-structural and accessory proteins.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an overview.

Neuromyelitis optica also known as Devic's syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that predominantly targets the optic nerves and the spinal cord. It is a debilitating disorder that damages a person's health. Initially it was considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS).