Anti-PD-1 therapy redirects macrophages from an M2 to an M1 phenotype inducing regression of OS lung metastases.

Osteosarcoma (OS) pulmonary metastasis translates into poor patient survival. The implication of PD-1-PD-L1 pathway in the context of NK cells and/or macrophages in OS is unknown. We investigated the effect of anti-PD-1 in OS lung metastasis and the role of NK cells and/or macrophages in anti-PD-1 responses.

Crk II silencing down-regulates IGF-IR and inhibits migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells.

Crk (C10 regulator of kinase) adaptor proteins are highly expressed in many types of human cancers and often contribute to aggressive cancer phenotypes. Crk II, a member of CRK family, has been reported to regulate cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer cells. However, its role in other cancer types has not been reported.

Interleukin-2: Old and New Approaches to Enhance Immune-Therapeutic Efficacy.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a very well-known cytokine that has been studied for the past 35 years. It plays a major role in the growth and proliferation of many immune cells such NK and T cells. It is an important immunotherapy cytokine for the treatment of various diseases including cancer.

Effects of anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab on androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.

Aim: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a novel molecular target for anticancer therapy. This study examined the effects of anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab on two human androgen-independent prostate carcinoma cell lines, Du145 and PC-3.

Materials And Methods: Cell proliferation was monitored with a trypan blue viability assay.