Background And Objectives: Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a malignant round-cell tumor arising from the bone and soft tissue. It is a disease of children and young adults. EWS affecting the central nervous system (cranial and spinal column) is relatively rare with an annual incidence of approximately one case per million in the Western population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are benign masses, often associated with drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE). Open surgery as well as the endoscopic disconnection techniques are fraught with a high risk of morbidity and failure rates. The authors have been performing robotic-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation for all types of HH presenting with DRE as a standard procedure at their institution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (IMC) is a rare malignant tumor in pediatric population. IMC can present as extra- or intra-axial lesion in pediatric patients, though the former is commoner causing raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Radiological diagnosis is a challenge in these cases, as is it difficult to differentiate these from other extra-axial neoplasms due to the wide differential diagnosis in pediatric population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOver 50 million people worldwide are affected by epilepsy, a common neurological disorder that has a high rate of drug resistance and diverse comorbidities such as progressive cognitive and behavioural disorders, and increased mortality from direct or indirect effects of seizures and therapies. Despite extensive research with animal models and human studies, limited insights have been gained into the mechanisms underlying seizures and epileptogenesis, which has not translated into significant reductions in drug resistance, morbidities, or mortality. To better understand the molecular signaling networks associated with seizures in MTLE patients, we analyzed the proteome of brain samples from MTLE and control cases using an integrated approach that combines mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, differential expression analysis, and co-expression network analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Benchmarking has been proposed to reflect surgical quality and represents the highest standard reference values for desirable results. We sought to determine benchmark outcomes in patients after surgery for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE).
Methods: This retrospective multicenter study included patients who underwent MTLE surgery at 19 expert centers on five continents.
Background: Pediatric cervical kyphosis is a distinct entity with diverse etiology (congenital, syndromic, traumatic, metabolic or neoplastic). Surgical correction in pediatric population is challenging due to their growing spine and low blood volume.
Purpose: To analyse their presentation, surgical techniques and outcome of pediatric cervical kyphosis and systematically review the pertinent literature.
Background: Non-chordomatous bony tumors of the clivus are extremely rare. Site, extent, and aggressiveness of tumor limits the extent of resection. It poses challenge to the neurosurgeons due to the complexity of anatomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Spinal deformities are common in Marfan syndrome (MFS). They usually involve the thoraco-lumbar spine but rarely involves the cervical spine. Kyphosis is the common spine deformity of the cervical spine and mandates surgical correction as they are at risk of neurological deterioration since they are refractory to conservative management.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Although hemispheric surgeries are among the most effective procedures for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in the pediatric population, there is a large variability in seizure outcomes at the group level. A recently developed HOPS score provides individualized estimation of likelihood of seizure freedom to complement clinical judgement. The objective of this study was to develop a freely accessible online calculator that accurately predicts the probability of seizure freedom for any patient at 1-, 2-, and 5-years post-hemispherectomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
April 2023
Stem cell treatment is emerging as an appealing alternative for stroke patients, but there still needs to be an agreement on the protocols in place, including the route of administration. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the administration routes of stem cell treatment for ischemic stroke. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGlutamate-receptor-mediated hyperexcitability contributes to seizure generation in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (TKP) metabolites regulate glutamate receptor activity under physiological conditions. This study was designed to investigate alterations in the levels of TKP metabolites and the differential regulation of glutamatergic activity by TKP metabolites in the hippocampus, anterior temporal lobe (ATL), and neocortex samples of a lithium-pilocarpine rat model of TLE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to compare their outcome with case-matched controls from the prepandemic phase.
Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study in which all patients with TBI admitted during COVID-19 pandemic phase (Arm A) from March 24, 2020 to November 30, 2020 were matched with age and Glasgow Coma Scale score-matched controls from the patients admitted before March 2020 (Arm B).
Results: The total number of patients matched in each arm was 118.
Introduction: Primary spinal glioblastoma (GBM) are very rare tumors of the spinal cord, with dismal prognosis and their exact management is controversial. We attempt to formulate treatment guidelines for these extremely rare tumors based on our institutional experience and a comprehensive review of the literature.
Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study from 2008 to 2020, all the patients diagnosed with primary spinal GBM who underwent surgery at our institution were included.
Introduction: Hemangioblastomas (HMB) are extensively vascularized and benign neoplasms that are diagnosed predominantly in adults. The solid type of HMB is technically challenging to operate. The piecemeal resection of the tumor has been shown to have devastating intraoperative complications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) during the first few months of life is challenging and necessitates aggressive treatment, including surgery. Because the most common causes of DRE in infancy are related to extensive developmental anomalies, surgery often entails extensive tissue resections or disconnection. The literature on "ultra-early" epilepsy surgery is sparse, with limited data concerning efficacy controlling the seizures, and safety.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF