Viral Biology and Immune Privilege in the Development of Extrahepatic Manifestations During Hepatitis E Virus Infection.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) exhibits tropism toward hepatocytes and thus affects the liver; however, HEV may also affect other tissues, including the heart, kidneys, intestines, testicles, and central nervous system. To date, the pathophysiological links between HEV infection and extrahepatic manifestations have not yet been established. Considering that HEV infects multiple types of cells, the direct effects of virus replication in peripheral tissues represent a plausible explanation for extrahepatic manifestations.

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish: A systematic review.

This study was conducted on the concentrations of PAHs, including benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of four PAHs (benz[a]anthracene, chryseno, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[a]pyrene), in unsmoked fish tissues. The values were related to the time period, locality (country and region), living habits, eating habits, and types of environments of the fish species. The data obtained has been also compared with the limits established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.

Distillers dried grains with soluble and enzyme inclusion in the diet effects broilers performance, intestinal health, and microbiota composition.

This study tested the effect of distillers dried grains with soluble (DDGS) inclusion in a broiler diet, with or without supplementation of exogenous enzymes, on the microbiota composition, intestinal health, diet digestibility and performance. A total of 288 one-day-old chickens was assigned to 6 treatments (8 replicate of 6 birds each) according to a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial scheme with 3 DDGS levels (0, 7 and 14%) and 2 inclusions of exogenous enzymes (with or without a multicarbohydrase complex + phytase [MCPC]). The results exhibited that DDGS inclusion up to 14% did not impair broilers performance up to 28 d, however, DDGS-fed animals exhibited significant improvement with the MCPC supplementation.

Aromatic hydrocarbons extracted by headspace and microextraction methods in water-soluble fractions from crude oil, fuels and lubricants.

Two extraction protocols were developed for the determination of mono- and poly-aromatic hydrocarbons in water-soluble fractions from gasoline, diesel, crude, mineral insulating, and lubricant oils. Development of the procedures was based on clean miniaturized strategies, such as headspace extraction and vortex-assisted dispersive liquid micro-extraction, together with quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The mono-aromatic hydrocarbons were extracted using the headspace extraction method.

Correction: Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels: understanding the variability in reported mechanical properties.

Correction for 'Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels: understanding the variability in reported mechanical properties' by Jaclyn Raeburn , , 2012, , 1168-1174, https://doi.org/10.1039/C1SM06929B.

Evaluation of methods for reducing epibionts during farming of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757).

Due to the competition for food, space, oxygen and due to their role as diseases vector, epibionts can negatively affect oyster farming. We assessed the efficacy of six methods commonly used for the removal of epibionts from oyster shells during farming. The experiment was conducted at an oyster farm on the Paraná coast - South Brazil.

Response of Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) exposed to a guanitoxin-producing cyanobacterial strain using multiple biomarkers.

Changes in environmental conditions in aquatic ecosystems caused by anthropic actions can modify the composition of primary producers, promoting the excessive proliferation of cyanobacteria. These organisms can form cyanobacterial blooms, which directly affect aquatic life. The present study investigated the mutagenicity of the cyanobacterium Sphaerospermopsis torques-reginae (strain ITEP-024), guanitoxin-producing (natural organophosphate), and sublethal effects on fish in relevant environment concentrations.

COVID-19 in Latin America and the caribbean region: Symptoms and morbidities in the epidemiology of infection.

The COVID-19 pandemic has widespread economic and social effects on Latin America (LA) and the Caribbean (CA). This region, which has a high prevalence of chronic diseases, has been one of the most affected during the pandemic. Multiple symptoms and comorbidities are related to distinct COVID-19 outcomes.

Potential Replacements for Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry: Interactions at the Gut Level and Their Impact on Host Immunity.

The chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has a complex, biodiverse microbial community of ~ 9 million bacterial genes plus archaea and fungi that links the host diet to its health. This microbial population contributes to host physiology through metabolite signaling while also providing local and systemic nutrients to multiple organ systems. In a homeostatic state, the host-microbial interaction is symbiotic; however, physiological issues are associated with dysregulated microbiota.

Shell form and enzymatic alterations in Lottia subrugosa (Gastropoda, Lotiidae) transplanted to a contaminated site.

Studies have shown that shell morphology and enzymatic activities in mollusks are affected by contaminants exposure. However, the correlation between enzymatic activities and the biomineralization process are not fully understood. The present study used a transplant bioassay and field sampling to evaluate shell measurements and the activities of carbonic anhydrase, Ca-ATPase, and Mg-ATPase in Lottia subrugosa sampled in Brazilian sites under different contamination levels.

The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests.

The SuperCam instrument suite provides the Mars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas.

Metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiota associated with cultured oysters (Crassostrea sp.) in estuarine environments.

In this work, we identified the bacterial microbiota associated with farmed oystersin estuarine regions of four states in the north eastern region of Brazil. During the drought and rainy seasons, for eight months, twenty oysters were sampled seasonally from seven different marine farms. In the laboratory, DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were performed to establish the taxonomic units.

SEIS: Insight's Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure of Mars.

Unlabelled: By the end of 2018, 42 years after the landing of the two Viking seismometers on Mars, InSight will deploy onto Mars' surface the SEIS (eismic xperiment for nternal tructure) instrument; a six-axes seismometer equipped with both a long-period three-axes Very Broad Band (VBB) instrument and a three-axes short-period (SP) instrument. These six sensors will cover a broad range of the seismic bandwidth, from 0.01 Hz to 50 Hz, with possible extension to longer periods.

Potential of the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) to Predict Copper Toxicity in the White-Water of the Solimões-Amazon River.

In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) to predict copper toxicity in white-waters of the Solimões-Amazon River. LC tests using the species Otocinclus vittatus (Regan, 1904) were performed with Solimões-Amazon river water (100%) at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% dilutions. A sevenfold decrease in both dissolved and total Cu toxicity was observed in the experiment conducted with 100% when compared to 20% white-water, indicating that physicochemical characteristics of white-water attenuate Cu toxicity.

CCR9 Is a Key Regulator of Early Phases of Allergic Airway Inflammation.

Airway inflammation is the most common hallmark of allergic asthma. Chemokine receptors involved in leukocyte recruitment are closely related to the pathology in asthma. CCR9 has been described as a homeostatic and inflammatory chemokine receptor, but its role and that of its ligand CCL25 during lung inflammation remain unknown.

Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogels: understanding the variability in reported mechanical properties.

Fmoc-diphenylalanine (FmocFF or FmocPhePhe) is an important low molecular weight hydrogelator. Gelation can be induced by either lowering the pH of an aqueous solution of FmocFF or by the addition of water to a solution of FmocFF in a solvent such as DMSO. Despite the volume of literature on FmocFF, the mechanical properties reported for the gels vary significantly over four orders of magnitude and the origins of this variability is unclear.

Salt-induced hydrogelation of functionalised-dipeptides at high pH.

Addition of divalent cations to a solution of a naphthalene-diphenylalanine that forms worm-like micelles at high pH results in the formation of a rigid, self-supporting hydrogel.

Effect of pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation on human breast cancer: implications of chemokine receptor expression in cancer metastasis.

Interactions between tumour cells and microenvironments may affect their growth and metastasis formation. In search for a better understanding of the role of cellular mediators in the progression of cancer, we investigated the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma on the regulation of expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4, CXCR2, CX3CR1, CCR9, and CCR5 in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Our results showed that IL-1 increased CXCR4 expression whereas TNF-alpha increased CX3CR1, CCR9 and CCR5.

The stringent response is required for amino acid and nitrate utilization, nod factor regulation, nodulation, and nitrogen fixation in Rhizobium etli.

A Rhizobium etli Tn5 insertion mutant, LM01, was selected for its inability to use glutamine as the sole carbon and nitrogen source. The Tn5 insertion in LM01 was localized to the rsh gene, which encodes a member of the RelA/SpoT family of proteins. The LM01 mutant was affected in the ability to use amino acids and nitrate as nitrogen sources and was unable to accumulate (p)ppGpp when grown under carbon and nitrogen starvation, as opposed to the wild-type strain, which accumulated (p)ppGpp under these conditions.

Digital signal processing hearing aids, personal FM systems, and interference: is there a problem?

Objectives: To determine whether digital signal processing (DSP) hearing aids produce conducted radio frequency interference that can affect the use of personal FM systems, to quantify the nature of any such interference, and to discuss practical remedies.

Design: Sixteen DSP hearing aids were used. Measurements were made of the spectral characteristics of any conducted radio frequency interference produced by each aid with FM shoe and 40 cm direct audio input (DAI) lead when the DAI facility was enabled.

Regulation of transcription and activity of Rhizobium etli glutaminase A.

The present study determines the regulatory mechanisms that operate on Rhizobium etli glutaminase A. glsA gene expression levels were evaluated under several metabolic conditions by fusions of the glsA gene promoter and the transcriptional reporter cassette uidA2-aad. glsA expression was directly correlated to the glutaminase A activity found under the tested growth conditions, reaching its maximum level in the presence of glutamine and during exponential growth phase.

Sequence and molecular analysis of the Rhizobium etli glsA gene, encoding a thermolabile glutaminase.

We sequenced a 2.1 kb fragment of DNA carrying the structural glsA gene, which codes for the Rhizobium etli thermolabile glutaminase (A). The glsA gene complements the R.

Isolation and characterization of Rhizobium etli mutants altered in degradation of asparagine.

Rhizobium etli mutants unable to grow on asparagine as the nitrogen and carbon source were isolated. Two kinds of mutants were obtained: AHZ1, with very low levels of aspartase activity, and AHZ7, with low levels of asparaginase and very low levels of aspartase compared to the wild-type strain. R.

Identification of two glutaminases in Rhizobium etli.

We present evidence that Rhizobium etli has two glutaminases differentiated by their thermostability and electrophoretic mobility. The thermostable glutaminase (B) is constitutive, in contrast with the thermolabile glutaminase (A), which is positively regulated by glutamine and negatively regulated by ammonium and by the carbon source. In distinction to glutaminase A, glutaminase B plays a minor role in the utilization of glutamine as a carbon source, but it may play a role in maintaining the balance of glutamine and glutamate.

Asparagine degradation in .

The degradation of asparagine by involves asparaginase and aspartate ammonia-lyase (L-aspartase). The two enzymes were shown to be positively regulated by asparagine and negatively regulated by the carbon source. Asparaginase activity was not regulated by oxygen concentration or by nitrogen catabolite repression.