Combination of and molecular techniques for discrimination and virulence characterization of marine and .

Introduction: Mammals are the main hosts for sp., agents of worldwide zoonosis. Marine cetaceans and pinnipeds can be infected by and , respectively.

One Health approach for Brucella canis: Serological and molecular detection in animal-hoarding individuals and their dogs.

Animal hoarding disorder (AHD) is classified as a psychiatric obsessive-compulsive condition characterized by animal accumulation and often accompanied by unsanitary conditions and animal cruelty. Although AHD may increase pathogen transmission and spread, particularly for zoonotic diseases, human and dog exposure in such cases has yet to be fully established. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess Brucella canis in 19 individuals with AHD (11 households) and their 264 dogs (21 households) in Curitiba, the eighth largest city in Brazil, with approximately 1.

[Brucellosis in Alpine ibex: 10 years of research and expert assessments].

Brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis affects domestic and wild ruminants, as well as other mammals, including humans. Despite France being officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005, two human cases of Brucella melitensis infection in the French Alps in 2012 led to the discovery of one infected cattle herd and of one infected population of wild Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). In this review, we present the results of 10 years of research on the epidemiology of brucellosis in this population of Alpine ibex.

Serological and Molecular Survey of Species in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Brazil.

Although , and may infect humans and dogs worldwide, no study to date has assessed and compared owners and their dogs between island and mainland seashore areas. Accordingly, the study herein has applied serological tests, including Microplate Agglutination Test with 2-Mercaptoethanol, immunochromatographic assay, and Rose Bengal Test, and a genus-specific PCR assay to 195 owners and their 148 dogs living on 1 mainland seashore area and three nearby oceanic islands of southern Brazil. No seropositivity to and was detected in owner or dog sera.

Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatography Assay (LFIA) for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Brucellosis in French Alpine Ibex ().

France has been officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005. Nevertheless, in 2012, as the source of two human cases, a bovine outbreak due to biovar 3 was confirmed in the French Alpine Bargy massif, due to a spillover from wild, protected Alpine ibex (). In order to reduce high prevalence in the local ibex population, successive management strategies have been implemented.

Molecular Investigations of Two First Biovar 2 Infections Cases in French Dogs.

Despite biovar 2's (BSB2) active circulation in wildlife, no canine infections have been reported. The present paper is the first to describe two cases of BSB2 infections in French dogs. The first case occurred in 2020 and concerned a 13-year-old male neutered Border Collie with clinical signs of prostatitis.

High-Resolution Melting PCR as Rapid Genotyping Tool for Species.

sp. are the causative agents of brucellosis. One of the main characteristics of the genus concerns its very high genetic homogeneity.

The Use of Flocked Swabs with a Protective Medium Increases the Recovery of Live Brucella spp. and DNA Detection.

Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by bacteria from the genus Brucella. Once established, it is very hard to eradicate this disease, since it contaminates animals, the environment, and humans, causing problems for veterinary and public health as well as wildlife protection programs. Swabs are used for sampling in bacteriological and/or molecular diagnostics, from seropositive animals with disease symptoms, from genitalia or tissue lesions, as well as from contaminated environments.

Sensitivity of bovine tuberculosis surveillance through intradermal tests in cattle in France: An evaluation of different scenarios.

The current situation regarding bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Europe is spatially heterogeneous, with stagnating or increasing trends in bTB prevalence in many European regions, underlying the challenge in controlling this disease. In France, in spite of the implementation of two control programs in 2010-2012 to eradicate the disease and maintain the bTB-free status, bTB prevalence has continued to increase, underlying the need to reinforce and adapt surveillance measures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bTB surveillance in high-risk areas in metropolitan France, with an emphasis on the criteria to select herds and animals within herds in the context of programmed surveillance and movement testing.

New Brucella variant isolated from Croatian cattle.

Background: A novel Brucella strain closely related to Brucella (B.) melitensis biovar (bv) 3 was found in Croatian cattle during testing within a brucellosis eradication programme.

Case Presentation: Standardised serological, brucellin skin test, bacteriological and molecular diagnostic screening for Brucella infection led to positive detection in one dairy cattle herd.

Phylogeography and Genetic Diversity of subsp. in France (1947-2018).

In France, tularemia is caused by subsp. and is a sporadic disease affecting mainly wildlife animals and humans. species presents low genetic diversity that remains poorly described in France, as only a few genomes of isolates from the country are available so far.

Brucella melitensis Rev.1 vaccination generates a higher shedding risk of the vaccine strain in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) compared to the domestic goat (Capra hircus).

Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a reservoir for Brucella in Capra ibex in the French Alps. Vaccination was considered as a possible way to control Brucella infection in this wildlife population. Twelve ibexes and twelve goats were allocated into four groups housed separately, each including six males or six non-pregnant females.

Brucella microti-like prevalence in French farms producing frogs.

In the last 10 years, many atypical novel members of Brucella species have been reported, including several Brucella inopinata-like strains in wild-caught and "exotic" amphibians from various continents. In 2017, a strain of Brucella was isolated for the first time in animals from a French farm producing frogs-Pelophylax ridibundus-for human consumption and identified as B. microti-like.

Review of bovine brucellosis surveillance in Europe in 2015.

Bovine brucellosis is a major zoonosis and is responsible for significant reproductive disorders and production losses in cattle. Surveillance and control are regulated at the European level with specific conditions to obtain and maintain the officially free status, which facilitates access to export markets. These European standards allow for harmonisation in brucellosis surveillance and diagnosis while leaving some flexibility to countries in the choice of measures to meet the desired objectives.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of -Like Bacteria From a Domestic Marsh Frog ().

Several isolates have been described in wild-caught and "exotic" amphibians from various continents and identified as -like strains. On the basis of epidemiological investigations conducted in June 2017 in France in a farm producing domestic frogs () for human consumption of frog's legs, potentially pathogenic bacteria were isolated from adults showing lesions (joint and subcutaneous abscesses). The bacteria were initially misidentified as using a commercial identification system, prior to being identified as spp.

Comparative Genomics and Infection of Field Clonal Isolates of Biovar 3 Did Not Identify Signature of Host Adaptation.

spp. are responsible for brucellosis, a widespread zoonosis causing reproductive disorders in animals. Species-classification within this monophyletic genus is based on bacteriological and biochemical phenotyping.

Fetopathic effects of experimental Schmallenberg virus infection in pregnant goats.

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging virus responsible for congenital malformations in the offspring of domestic ruminants. It is speculated that infection of pregnant dams may also lead to a significant number of unrecognized fetal losses during the early period of gestation. To assess the pathogenic effects of SBV infection of goats in early pregnancy, we inoculated dams at day 28 or 42 of gestation and followed the animals until day 55 of gestation.

Oral propylene glycol modifies follicular fluid and gene expression profiles in cumulus-oocyte complexes and embryos in feed-restricted heifers.

Dietary supplementation with propylene glycol (PG) increases in vitro production of high-quality embryos in feed-restricted heifers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PG in feed-restricted heifers on follicular fluid insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 concentrations, expression of IGF system genes in oocytes and cumulus cells and the expression of selected genes in blastocysts. Feed-restricted (R) heifers were drenched with water or PG during induced oestrous cycles (400mL of PG or water/drench, daily drenching at 1600 hours for the first 9 days of the oestrous cycle).

Schmallenberg virus: experimental infection in goats and bucks.

Background: Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Orthobunyavirus of ruminant livestock species currently circulating in Europe. SBV causes a subclinical or mild disease in adult animals but vertical transmission to pregnant dams may lead to severe malformations in the offspring. Data on the onset of clinical signs, viremia and seroconversion in experimentally infected adult animals are available for cattle and sheep but are still lacking for goats.

European interlaboratory comparison of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) real-time RT-PCR detection in experimental and field samples: The method of extraction is critical for SBV RNA detection in semen.

Molecular methods for the detection of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) RNA were rapidly developed after the emergence of this novel orthobunyavirus in Europe. The SBV epizootic wave has declined, but infectious SBV in SBV RNA-positive semen remains a possible risk for the distribution of SBV. However, the abilities of SBV molecular detection methods used at European laboratories have not yet been assessed, to our knowledge.

Enhancing bull sexual behavior using estrus-specific molecules identified in cow urine.

Deficiencies in bull mating behavior have implications for bovine artificial insemination activities. The aim of this study was to identify the compounds present in fluids emitted by cows during estrus, which could enhance bull libido. Chemical analysis of urine samples from cows led to the characterization of molecules varying specifically at the preestrous and estrous stages.

An integrated approach to bovine oocyte quality: from phenotype to genes.

In cattle, early embryonic failure plays a major role in the limitation of reproductive performance and is influenced by genetic effects. Suboptimal oocyte quality, including an inadequate store of maternal factors, is suspected to contribute to this phenomenon. In the present study, 13 Montbeliarde cows were phenotyped on oocyte quality, based on their ability to produce viable embryos after in vitro maturation, fertilisation and culture for 7 days.