A bespoke water T-maze apparatus and protocol: an optimized, reliable, and repeatable method for screening learning, memory, and executive functioning in laboratory mice.

The Morris Water Maze (MWM) is the most commonly used assay for evaluating learning and memory in laboratory mice. Despite its widespread use, contemporary reviews have highlighted substantial methodological variation in experimental protocols and that the associated testing procedures are acutely (each trial) and chronically (testing across days) stressful; stress impairs attention, memory consolidation and the retrieval of learned information. Moreover, the interpretation of behavior within the MWM is often difficult because of wall hugging, non-spatial swim strategies, floating, and jumping off the escape platform.

Effect of In Vitro Low-Impulse Laser Irradiation on Morphofunctional Properties of Human Platelets.

We studied morphofunctional features of human platelets exposed in vitro to low-pulse laser radiation (LPLR) with different wavelengths. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was irradiated at wavelengths of 635, 488, and 355 nm. LPLR with λ=635 nm and 1 W power after 10 min caused degranulation of many platelets, formation of small platelet conglomerates, and accelerated platelet adhesion on glass.

Unique Self-Phosphorylating Polybenzimidazole of the 6F Family for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Application.

High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a very important type of fuel cells since they operate at 150-200 °C, making it possible to use hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve the stability and other properties of gas-diffusion electrodes still impedes their distribution. Self-supporting anodes based on carbon nanofibers (CNF) are prepared using the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution containing zirconium salt, followed by pyrolysis.

Alcohol withdrawal and pain: Peripheral mechanisms join central circuits.

Negative affective aspects of alcohol withdrawal and pain involve converging brain circuits. In this issue of Neuron, Son et al. identify a peripheral mechanism of an alcohol-withdrawal-induced headache-like condition, which is centered on mast-cell-specific receptor MrgprB2 activated by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in dura mater to drive nociception.

Corrigendum: Impact of different ground-based microgravity models on human sensorimotor system.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.

Successful Treatment of Sebaceous Nevus With Copper Vapor Laser.

Sebaceous nevus (SN) is a benign skin hamartoma with a potent transformation in benign or malignant tumors in adolescents or adults. Due to the most common location in the esthetic zone, an SN makes patients seek a dermatologist for cosmetic concerns on the face or neck. The surgical excision of a large-sized SN in the esthetic zone may require reconstruction with a skin flap and be associated with recurrences and scar formation.

Hmgb1 Silencing in the Amygdala Inhibits Pain-Related Behaviors in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.

Chronic pain presents a therapeutic challenge due to the highly complex interplay of sensory, emotional-affective and cognitive factors. The mechanisms of the transition from acute to chronic pain are not well understood. We hypothesized that neuroimmune mechanisms in the amygdala, a brain region involved in the emotional-affective component of pain and pain modulation, play an important role through high motility group box 1 (Hmgb1), a pro-inflammatory molecule that has been linked to neuroimmune signaling in spinal nociception.

Structure and properties of naphthalene-diimide -functionalized with stilbene.

Derivatives of naphthalene-diimide (NDI) are among the most studied and popular organic semiconductors showing n-type conductivity. However, the structure and optoelectronic properties of crystalline NDIs -functionalized with conjugated donors have not been investigated yet. In this study, a novel donor-acceptor compound NDI-Stb bearing one NDI core, as an acceptor, and two stilbene moieties covalently linked imide positions of NDI, as a donor, was synthesized.

Self-Phosphorylated Polybenzimidazole: An Environmentally Friendly and Economical Approach for Hydrogen/Air High-Temperature Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.

The development of phosphorylated polybenzimidazoles (PBI) for high-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells is a challenge and can lead to a significant increase in the efficiency and long-term operability of fuel cells of this type. In this work, high molecular weight film-forming pre-polymers based on ,-bis(3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-benzenetetramine and [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarbonyl dichloride were obtained by polyamidation at room temperature for the first time. During thermal cyclization at 330-370 °C, such polyamides form -methoxyphenyl substituted polybenzimidazoles for use as a proton-conducting membrane after doping by phosphoric acid for H/air HT-PEM fuel cells.

Development of High-Performance Hydrogen-Air Fuel Cell with Flourine-Free Sulfonated Co-Polynaphthoyleneimide Membrane.

This paper presents research on the technological development of hydrogen-air fuel cells with high output power characteristics using fluorine-free co-polynaphtoyleneimide (co-PNIS) membranes. It is found that the optimal operating temperature of a fuel cell based on a co-PNIS membrane with the hydrophilic/hydrophobic blocks = 70/30 composition is in the range of 60-65 °C. The maximum output power of a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), created according to the developed technology, is 535 mW/cm, and the working power (at the cell voltage of 0.

Proton-Conducting Polymer-Coated Carbon Nanofiber Mats for Pt-Anodes of High-Temperature Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell.

High-temperature polymer-electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEM FC) are a very important type of fuel cell since they operate at 150-200 °C, allowing the use of hydrogen contaminated with CO. However, the need to improve stability and other properties of gas diffusion electrodes still hinders their distribution. Anodes based on a mat (self-supporting entire non-woven nanofiber material) of carbon nanofibers (CNF) were prepared by the electrospinning method from a polyacrylonitrile solution followed by thermal stabilization and pyrolysis of the mat.

Impact of different ground-based microgravity models on human sensorimotor system.

This review includes current and updated information about various ground-based microgravity models and their impact on the human sensorimotor system. All known models of microgravity are imperfect in a simulation of the physiological effects of microgravity but have their advantages and disadvantages. This review points out that understanding the role of gravity in motion control requires consideration of data from different environments and in various contexts.

Hydrophobic-Hydrophilic Properties and Characterization of PIM-1 Films Treated by Elemental Fluorine in Liquid Perfluorodecalin.

A direct fluorination technique was applied for the surface treatment of PIM-1 films in a liquid phase (perfluorodecalin). The fluorinated samples were analyzed by various instrumental techniques. ATR-IR spectroscopy showed that the fluorination predominantly takes place in methylene- and methyl-groups.

Friend or Foe? Revising the Role of Oxygen in the Tribological Performance of Solid Lubricant MoS.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS) is a solid lubricant used in various forms, such as a dry lubricant by itself or as a component of a more complex coating. In both these forms, the effect of oxygen contamination on the sliding properties of the MoS coatings is traditionally considered detrimental, resulting in expensive technological processes to produce pure MoS. Here, it is shown that the high oxygen content does not necessarily hinder the solid lubricant properties and may even result in a lower friction and wear when compared to pure MoS.

Growth-Stimulating Effect of Platelet Preparations Obtained by Different Methods on Human Fibroblast Culture.

We studied the growth-stimulating effect of platelet-based preparations obtained by different methods on cultured human fibroblasts M-22. Platelet lysates prepared from platelet-rich plasma, platelet-poor plasma, concentrated suspension of platelets washed from plasma, and platelet-rich plasma activated with calcium chloride (ActPRP) were used. The volume of the platelet preparations was 10-500 μl per 10 cells.

High Molecular Weight AB-Polybenzimidazole and Its Solutions in a Complex Organic Solvent: Dissolution Kinetics and Rheology.

AB-polybenzimidazole (ABPBI) dissolution kinetics in an eco-friendly complex acid-free solvent based on dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol and KOH, and the rheological behavior of their solutions are investigated. The optimal component ratio of solvent providing the complete ABPBI dissolution is determined. Methanol containing dissolved KOH contributes to the creation of a single-phase superbasic medium, which accelerates and improves the polymer solubility in a mixture with DMSO, significantly reducing the viscoelasticity of the resulting solution.

Composition and Structure of Aspen () Hemicelluloses Obtained by Oxidative Delignification.

In this study, hemicelluloses of aspen wood () were obtained by oxidative delignification in an acetic acid-water-hydrogen peroxide medium at temperatures of 70-100 °C and a process time of 1-4 h. The maximum polysaccharide yield of up to 9.68 wt% was reported.

Effect of Organo-Silanes Structure on the Properties of Silane-Crosslinked Membranes Based on Cardo Polybenzimidazole PBI-O-PhT.

Polybenzimidazoles (PBI) doped with phosphoric acid (PA) are promising electrolytes for medium temperature fuel cells. Their significant disadvantage is a partial or complete loss of mechanical properties and an increase in hydrogen permeability at elevated temperatures. Covalent silanol crosslinking is one possible way to stabilize PBI membranes in the presence of PA.

Cardo Polybenzimidazole (PBI-O-PhT) Based Membrane Reinforced with -polybenzimidazole Electrospun Nanofiber Mat for HT-PEM Fuel Cell Applications.

The further development of high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cells largely depends on the improvement of all components of the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), especially membranes and electrodes. To improve the membrane characteristics, the cardo-polybenzimidazole (PBI-O-PhT)-based polymer electrolyte complex doped with phosphoric acid is reinforced using an electrospun -PBI mat. As a result, the PBI-O-PhT/es--PBI · nHPO reinforced membrane is obtained with hydrogen crossover values (~0.

Numerical Modeling of The Dysplastic Vessel Heating in PWS by Yellow 578 nm Copper Vapor Laser Radiation for Different Skin Phototypes.

Many clinical studies and protocols have been written about laser treatment for fair skin phototypes. However, for dark-skinned phototypes, information is limited, and the risk of burns is higher, especially if the same settings are recommended for fair skin. Competitive epidermal melanin absorption decreases the light energy reaching dysplastic vessels in a port-wine stain (PWS), preventing the vessel from achieving the temperature of the desired clinical result.

New Reactive Force Field for Simulations of MoS Crystallization.

We present a new reactive force field (ReaxFF) parameter set for simulations of Mo-S structures. We compare our parameterization to the state-of-the-art ones in their performance against density functional theory (DFT) benchmarks and MoS crystallization simulations. Our new force field matches DFT data significantly better than any previously published force fields and provides a realistic layered MoS structure in crystallization simulations.

Water Sorption by Polyheteroarylenes.

The sorption-diffusion characteristics of rigid-chain glassy polymers based on polyheteroarylenes (PHAs) have been studied in a wide interval of relative humidity and temperatures of thermal treatment of the polymer sorbents. Experimental data on water vapor sorption for polynaphthoyleneimidobenzimidazole (PNIB) and its copolymers with different chemical nature have been obtained. Water diffusion coefficients have been calculated, and parameters of their concentration and temperature dependences have been determined.