Biomarker-Guided Dietary Supplementation: A Narrative Review of Precision in Personalized Nutrition.

Dietary supplements (DS) are widely used to address nutritional deficiencies and promote health, yet their indiscriminate use often leads to reduced efficacy, adverse effects, and safety concerns. Biomarker-driven approaches have emerged as a promising strategy to optimize DS prescriptions, ensuring precision and reducing risks associated with generic recommendations. This narrative review synthesizes findings from key studies on biomarker-guided dietary supplementation and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in biomarker analysis.

Sequential Activation of Lateral Hypothalamic Neuronal Populations during Feeding and Their Assembly by Gamma Oscillations.

Neural circuits supporting innate behaviors, such as feeding, exploration, and social interaction, intermingle in the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Although previous studies have shown that individual LH neurons change their firing relative to the baseline during one or more behaviors, the firing rate dynamics of LH populations within behavioral episodes and the coordination of behavior-related LH populations remain largely unknown. Here, using unsupervised graph-based clustering of LH neurons firing rate dynamics in freely behaving male mice, we identified distinct populations of cells whose activity corresponds to feeding, specific times during feeding bouts, or other innate behaviors-social interaction and novel object exploration.

Efficacy of AI-Guided (GenAIS) Dietary Supplement Prescriptions versus Traditional Methods for Lowering LDL Cholesterol: A Randomized Parallel-Group Pilot Study.

Emerging evidence suggests that personalized dietary supplement regimens can significantly influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk. The efficacy of AI-guided dietary supplement prescriptions, compared with standard physician-guided prescriptions, remains underexplored. In a randomized, parallel-group pilot study, 70 patients aged 40-75 years with LDL-C levels between 70 and 190 mg/dL were enrolled.

Effect of Methylfolate, Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate, and Methylcobalamin (Soloways) Supplementation on Homocysteine and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase, Methionine Synthase, and Methionine Synthase Reductase Polymorphisms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Exploring the link between genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism genes (MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), this study evaluates the effect of B vitamin supplements (methylfolate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, and methylcobalamin) on homocysteine and lipid levels, potentially guiding personalized CVD risk management. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 54 patients aged 40-75 with elevated homocysteine and moderate LDL-C levels were divided based on MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR genetic polymorphisms. Over six months, they received either a combination of methylfolate, P5P, and methylcobalamin, or a placebo.

Turbulent Properties of Stationary Flows in Porous Media.

In this study, we investigate the flow dynamics in a fixed bed of hydrogel beads using particle tracking velocimetry to compute the velocity field in the middle of the bed for moderate Reynolds numbers (Re=[124,169,203,211]). We discover that even though the flow is stationary at the larger scales, it exhibits complex multiscale spatial dynamics reminiscent of those observed in classical turbulence. We find evidence of the presence of an inertial range and a direct energy cascade, and are able to obtain a value for a "porous" Kolmogorov constant of C_{2}=3.

The dynamic state of a prefrontal-hypothalamic-midbrain circuit commands behavioral transitions.

Innate behaviors meet multiple needs adaptively and in a serial order, suggesting the existence of a hitherto elusive brain dynamics that brings together representations of upcoming behaviors during their selection. Here we show that during behavioral transitions, possible upcoming behaviors are encoded by specific signatures of neuronal populations in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that are active near beta oscillation peaks. Optogenetic recruitment of intrahypothalamic inhibition at this phase eliminates behavioral transitions.

The Impact of Glucomannan, Inulin, and Psyllium Supplementation (Soloways) on Weight Loss in Adults with FTO, LEP, LEPR, and MC4R Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

This study aimed to determine the impact of a fiber supplement on body weight and composition in individuals with obesity with specific genetic polymorphisms. It involved 112 adults with obesity, each with at least one minor allele in the FTO, LEP, LEPR, or MC4R polymorphism. Participants were randomized to receive either a fiber supplement (glucomannan, inulin, and psyllium) or a placebo for 180 days.

Evaluating the Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid (Soloways) Supplementation on Lipid Profiles in Adults with PPARG Polymorphisms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Emerging evidence suggests that PPARG gene polymorphisms may influence lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk, with omega-3 fatty acids proposed to modulate these effects. This study aims to assess the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular markers among adults with PPARG gene polymorphisms in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A cohort of 102 patients with LDL-C 70-190 mg/dL was randomized to receive either 2000 mg of omega-3 fatty acids or a placebo daily for 90 days.

Phase Equilibria and Interdiffusion in the Ternary System Epoxy Oligomer-Polysulfone-Alkyl Glycidyl Ether.

Phase equilibria, interdiffusion and structure in the initial uncured mixtures of epoxy oligomer-polysulfone-alkyl glycidyl ether were studied. Binodal curves were constructed on isothermal sections of the ternary phase diagram. Thermodynamic mixing parameters were calculated and spinodal curves were plotted.

Retrospective Analysis of Lipid-Lowering and Antiplatelet Therapy Regimen by Clinical Decision Support Service Based on Real-World Data from Electronic Medical Records "Intellect 3 Study".

Aim      To evaluate prescription of lipid-lowering and antithrombotic therapy in clinical practice and to compare differences in recommendations using the clinical decision support service (CDSS).Material and methods  Electronic medical records (EMR) of 300 patients from the Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, as well as from medical organizations controlled by the Department of Health of the Lipetsk Region and the Ministry of Health of the Voronezh Region, were analyzed for the period of August - December 2022, during the pilot implementation of CDSS. Retrospective information about the prescription of lipid-lowering and antithrombotic therapy from the EMR was compared with the CDSS guidelines under the expert supervision based on digitized clinical and laboratory profiles of patients.

Synaptamide modulates glial and neurotransmitter activity in the spinal cord during neuropathic pain.

N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine, or synaptamide, is an endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid that is known for synaptogenic and neurogenic effects. In our previous studies we have shown that synaptamide attenuates neuropathic pain, facilitates remyelination, and reduces neuroinflammation after the chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. In the current study, we show that daily synaptamide administration (4 mg/kg/day) within 14 days post-surgery: (1) decreases micro- and astroglia activity in the dorsal and ventral horns of the lumbar spinal cord; (2) modulates pro-inflammatory (IL1β, IL6) and anti-inflammatory (IL4, IL10) cytokine level in the serum and spinal cord; (3) leads to a rise in synaptamide and anandamide concentration in the spinal cord; (4) enhances IL10, CD206 and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase synthesis in macrophage cell culture following LPS-induced inflammation.

Effect of Oleoylethanolamide-Based Dietary Supplement on Systemic Inflammation in the Development of Alimentary-Induced Obesity in Mice.

The complex effect of oleoylethanolamide-based dietary supplement (OEA-DS) was studied in a model of diet-induced obesity in mice. Physiological, biochemical, and immunohistochemical methods were used to reveal differences in the changes in the weight of experimental animals, morphological changes in the spleen tissues, and changes in the cytokine expression profile in the spleen, blood plasma, and macrophage cell culture. First, it is shown that a hypercaloric diet high in carbohydrates and cholesterol led to the development of systemic inflammation, accompanied by organ morphological changes and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines.

COVID-19-Related Age Profiles for SARS-CoV-2 Variants in England and Wales and States of the USA (2020 to 2022): Impact on All-Cause Mortality.

Since 2020, COVID-19 has caused serious mortality around the world. Given the ambiguity in establishing COVID-19 as the direct cause of death, we first investigate the effects of age and sex on all-cause mortality during 2020 and 2021 in England and Wales. Since infectious agents have their own unique age profile for death, we use a 9-year time series and several different methods to adjust single-year-of-age deaths in England and Wales during 2019 (the pre-COVID-19 base year) to a pathogen-neutral single-year-of-age baseline.

The Immune-Evasive Proline 283 Substitution in Influenza Nucleoprotein Increases Aggregation Propensity Without Altering the Native Structure.

Unlabelled: Nucleoprotein (NP) is a key structural protein of influenza ribonucleoprotein complexes and is central to viral RNA packing and trafficking. In human cells, the interferon induced Myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) binds to NP and restricts influenza replication. This selection pressure has caused NP to evolve a few critical MxA-resistant mutations, particularly the highly conserved Pro283 substitution.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid N-Acylethanolamines Mediated by Macrophage Activity In Vitro and In Vivo.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying the anti-inflammatory activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid ethanolamides (N-acylethanolamines, NAE), which are highly active lipid mediators. The results of this study demonstrate that a dietary supplement (DS) of fatty acid-derived NAEs reduces LPS-induced inflammation. The processes of cell proliferation, as well as the dynamics of Iba-1-, CD68-, and CD163-positive macrophage activity within the thymus and spleen were studied.

NEW DATA ON HISTOGENESIS AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF LUNG CANCER.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms in men around the world, which poses a number of important challenges for scientists.

Aim: To analyze the histogenesis, features of the histological structure, and growth of LC.

Materials And Methods: The surgical material of 81 patients with LC was studied.

[The course and clinical manifestations of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome in the Russian population].

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare hereditary syndrome characterized by the growth of hamartomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract, perioral pigmentation and an increased risk of malignant neoplasms. The syndrome is caused by a pathogenic variant in the gene.

Aim: To assess the clinical picture and treatment of Russian patients with PJS.

Total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy of total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for rectal carcinoma in comparison with conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was done using NetMetaXL and WinBUGS.

Mutations in plasticity-related-gene-1 (PRG-1) protein contribute to hippocampal seizure susceptibility and modify epileptic phenotype.

The Phospholipid Phosphatase Related 4 gene (PLPPR4,  *607813) encodes the Plasticity-Related-Gene-1 (PRG-1) protein. This cerebral synaptic transmembrane-protein modulates cortical excitatory transmission on glutamatergic neurons. In mice, homozygous Prg-1 deficiency causes juvenile epilepsy.

First Results of the Implementation of the Doppler Backscattering Diagnostic for the Investigation of the Transition to H-Mode in the Spherical Tokamak Globus-M2.

This paper presents the first results of a study of the LH transition on the new spherical Globus-M2 tokamak using the Doppler backscattering (DBS) diagnostic. New data characterizing the H-mode of discharges with higher values of the plasma parameters, such as magnetic field B up to 0.9 T and plasma current I up to 450 kA, were collected and analyzed.

Modelling of Backscattering off Filaments Using the Code IPF-FD3D for the Interpretation of Doppler Backscattering Data.

Filaments or blobs are well known to strongly contribute to particle and energy losses both in L- and H-mode, making them an important plasma characteristic to investigate. They are plasma structures narrowly localized across a magnetic field and stretched along magnetic field lines. In toroidal devices, their development is observed to take place in the peripheral plasma.

Xylem conduit deformation across vascular plants: an evolutionary spandrel or protective valve?

The hydraulic system of vascular plants and its integrity is essential for plant survival. To transport water under tension, the walls of xylem conduits must approximate rigid pipes. Against this expectation, conduit deformation has been reported in the leaves of a few species and hypothesized to function as a 'circuit breaker' against embolism.