Incidence and Risk Factors for Moderate to Severe Pain After Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Severe pain after foot/ankle surgeries is often underestimated because these procedures are perceived as less extensive than other orthopedic surgeries. However, surgeries involving the bones and joints in the foot and ankle can result in intense pain.

Aims: This study aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors associated with postoperative moderate to severe pain.