Mismatch analysis of humeral nailing: antegrade versus retrograde insertion.

Background: Closed humeral nailing is now considered an alternative treatment for humeral-shaft fracture. The nail can be inserted with either the antegrade or retrograde method. We investigated and compared the problem of geometric mismatch of the humeral nail to the humerus between the two methods of insertion.

Three-dimensional morphometric study of the Thai proximal humerus: cadaveric study.

Seventy-six cadaveric humeri were investigated to study the three-dimensional morphometric data based on CT data. The present study was an advanced method to determine the 3D proximal humeral parameters for both intra and extra geometries through the utilization of medical imaging and reverse engineering techniques. The following parameters were calculated for each humerus and then compared with the 3D Caucasian data such as diameter of humeral head, articular surface thickness, inclination angle, retroversion angle, medial offset, posterior offset, curve length, radius of curvature, and mediolateral angle.