2022 National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support.

Purpose: The National Standards for Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) provide guidance and evidence-based, quality practice for all DSMES services. Due to the dynamic nature of health care and diabetes research, the National Standards are reviewed and revised approximately every 5 years by key stakeholders and experts within the diabetes care and education community. For each revision, the Task Force is charged with reviewing the current National Standards for appropriateness, relevance, and scientific basis and making updates based on current evidence and expert consensus.

Long-Term Care Facility Workers' Perceptions of the Impact of Subcontracting on their Conditions of Work and the Quality of Care: A Qualitative Study in British Columbia, Canada.

Subcontracting long-term care (LTC), whereby facilities contracted with third party agencies to provide care to residents, became widespread in British Columbia after 2002. This qualitative study aimed to understand the impact of subcontracting from the perspective of care workers. We interviewed 11 care workers employed in subcontracted facilities to explore their perceptions of caring and working under these conditions.

Provider-Guided Emergency Support for Persons Living With Type 1 Diabetes During Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and Maria.

The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season was especially memorable for 3 major hurricanes-Harvey, Irma, and Maria-that devastated population centers across Texas, Florida, and Puerto Rico, respectively. Each storm had unique hazard properties that posed distinctive challenges for persons living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Diabetes care specialists and educators took on leadership roles for coordinating care and establishing insulin supply lifelines for people with T1D living in the hardest-hit neighborhoods affected by these extreme storms.

Quantification of external root resorption by low- vs high-resolution cone-beam computed tomography and periapical radiography: A volumetric and linear analysis.

Introduction: The goal of this study was to determine whether cone beam-computed tomography (CBCT) images with resolutions similar to those produced in orthodontic offices have sufficient resolution to accurately quantify root resorption defects.

Methods: Teeth containing simulated root defects were scanned by microcomputed tomography (microCT) and CBCT at 0.2- and 0.

Integrating an Automated Diabetes Management System into the family management of children with type 1 diabetes: results from a 12-month randomized controlled technology trial.

Objective: The study objective was to evaluate how the use of a pervasive blood glucose monitoring (BGM) technology relates to glycemic control, report of self-care behavior, and emotional response to BGM of children with type 1 diabetes and their parents.

Research Design And Methods: Forty-eight children aged less than 12 years (mean 8.8 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to one of two study groups, a control group (conventional care without technology) or an experimental group (conventional care with technology), and followed for 12 months.

Diagnostic performance of a Near-Infrared Breast Imaging system as adjunct to mammography versus X-ray mammography alone.

Objectives: Radiologist reader performance for breast cancer detection using mammography plus Near-Infrared Breast Imaging (NIBI) was compared with mammography alone.

Methods: Two hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with suspected breast lesions underwent both mammography and NIBI. Four blinded radiologists independently first reviewed the mammograms alone.

Near-infrared imaging of the breast using omocianine as a fluorescent dye: results of a placebo-controlled, clinical, multicenter trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the near-infrared (NIR) dye Omocianine in a placebo-controlled, dose-escalating multicenter trial for the detection of malignant breast lesions by using a NIR imaging system.

Materials And Methods: The study was approved by the ethical review board of Berlin and Münster,, and all participants provided written informed consent. Fifty-two consecutive patients were examined with NIR imaging before, during, and after intravenous injection of Omocianine.

Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents: 'the family disease of the 21st century'.

In this article, Stephen W. Ponder, MD, emphasizes the initial workup and medical management of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, including comorbidities.

Near-infrared laser computed tomography of the breast first clinical experience.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate a near-infrared (NIR) laser breast imaging system (Computed Tomography Laser Mammography [CTLM]) as an adjunct to mammography by means of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The NIR technique used in this study is based on the absorption of NIR light by hemoglobin. Malignant tumors can be detected by imaging their neovascularization.

Unexplained hyperglycemia in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: evaluation and treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this review study was to determine and categorize common causes of intermittent hyperglycemia and suggest potential measures to prevent and treat the identified causes.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to obtain relevant information on hyperglycemia and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Medical departments from Novo/Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, and Sanofi/Aventis were contacted requesting information on their insulin temperature stability, the compatibility of insulin with insulin/pump reservoirs, and tubing sets/catheters.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor couples to multiple G proteins in rat gonadotrophs and in GGH3 cells: evidence from palmitoylation and overexpression of G proteins.

There is evidence in several cell systems suggesting that the GnRH receptor couples to multiple G proteins. Presently there are no published studies showing GnRH receptor coupling to Gialpha, Gsalpha, and Gq/11alpha in a single cell type. To examine this possibility we measured palmitoylation of G proteins in response to GnRH receptor occupancy, since this event is a measure of G-protein activation by cognate receptors.

Evaluation of 31P metabolite differences in human cerebral gray and white matter.

31P NMR is commonly used to study brain energetics in health and disease. Due to sensitivity constraints, the NMR measurements are typically made in volumes that do not contain pure gray or white matter. For accurate evaluation of abnormalities in brain metabolite levels, it is necessary to consider the differences in normal levels of 31P metabolites in gray and white matter.

The effects of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone on hypothalamic regulation of growth hormone secretion.

Testosterone (T) administration to pubertal boys increases spontaneous GH secretion. It is not known whether this occurs via pituitary or hypothalamic mechanisms. We evaluated the GH secretion of 12 boys, aged 13.

3D 31P spectroscopic imaging of the human heart at 4.1 T.

High field (4 Tesla) spectroscopic imaging offers the advantages of increased signal-to-noise ratio and the possibility of acquiring high resolution metabolite images. We have applied a three dimensional spectroscopic imaging sequence using a sparse Gaussian sampling method to acquire phosphocreatine (PCr) images of the human heart with 8-cc voxels. PCr images enabled observation of the septum, left ventricular free wall, apex, and skeletal muscle.

Evaluation of cerebral gray and white matter metabolite differences by spectroscopic imaging at 4.1T.

Using a 4.1T whole body system, we have acquired 1H spectroscopic imaging (SI) data of N-acetyl (NA) compounds, creatine (CR), and choline (CH) with nominal voxel sizes of 0.5 cc (1.

2D 1H spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 4.1 T.

A two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging sequence consisting of an inversion recovery pulse, a plane selective prefocused pulse, and a semiselective water suppression pulse has been used to create 1H spectroscopic images of the human brain with nominal voxels of 0.5 cc. Due to the excellent lipid suppression provided by the inversion recovery pulse and subsequent delay, only planar volume selection is required enabling the entire brain within the slice to be imaged without contamination from extracerebral lipids in the brain voxels.

Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 T.

Brain glutamate and glutamine were detected in healthy human volunteers in spectroscopic images with a nominal voxel size of 2.25 cm3 at an echo time of 15 ms. Due to the increased frequency separation and simplification of J-coupling patterns, the separate detection of brain glutamate and glutamine at short echo times was possible.

Spatial resolution in 31P metabolite imaging of the human brain at 4.1 T.

In studies of 31P metabolite imaging in the human brain using a high-field 4.1 T NMR system, resolution and signal-to-noise ratios were measured to determine the potential for spatial-resolution improvements. The results suggest that spatial resolution of FWHM of 2 cm or less, similar to that of radionuclide tomographic functional images, may be feasible.