Covariate Model Selection Approaches for Population Pharmacokinetics: A Systematic Review of Existing Methods, From SCM to AI.

A growing number of covariate modeling methods have been proposed in the field of popPK modeling, but limited information exists on how they all compare. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of all popPK covariate modeling methods, focusing on assessing the existing knowledge on their performances. For each method of each article included in this review, evaluation setting, performance metrics along with their associated values, and relative computational times were reported when available.

Epid data explorer: A visualization tool for exploring and comparing spatio-temporal epidemiological data.

The analysis of large sets of spatio-temporal data is a fundamental challenge in epidemiological research. As the quantity and the complexity of such kind of data increases, automatic analysis approaches, such as statistics, data mining, machine learning, etc., can be used to extract useful information.

Classifier Chains for LOINC Transcoding.

Purpose: Mapping clinical observations and medical test results into the standardized vocabulary LOINC is a prerequisite for exchanging clinical data between health information systems and ensuring efficient interoperability.

Methods: We present a comparison of three approaches for LOINC transcoding applied to French data collected from real-world settings. These approaches include both a state-of-the-art language model approach and a classifier chains approach.

Endothelial PTP1B Deletion Promotes VWF Exocytosis and Venous Thromboinflammation.

Background: Endothelial activation promotes the release of procoagulant extracellular vesicles and inflammatory mediators from specialized storage granules. Endothelial membrane exocytosis is controlled by phosphorylation. We hypothesized that the absence of PTP1B (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) in endothelial cells promotes venous thromboinflammation by triggering endothelial membrane fusion and exocytosis.

A Rare Case of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Presenting as Exudative Retinal Detachment.

Retinal detachment is a rare initial clinical manifestation of lung cancer with intraorbital metastases, early diagnosis on magnetic resonance imaging is important for therapeutic implications.

Discovering NDM-1 inhibitors using molecular substructure embeddings representations.

NDM-1 (New-Delhi-Metallo-β-lactamase-1) is an enzyme developed by bacteria that is implicated in bacteria resistance to almost all known antibiotics. In this study, we deliver a new, curated NDM-1 bioactivities database, along with a set of unifying rules for managing different activity properties and inconsistencies. We define the activity classification problem in terms of Multiple Instance Learning, employing embeddings corresponding to molecular substructures and present an ensemble ranking and classification framework, relaying on a k-fold Cross Validation method employing a per fold hyper-parameter optimization procedure, showing promising generalization ability.

Preliminary experience of CT imaging of the ischaemic brain penumbra through spectral processing of multiphasic CTA datasets.

To assess ischaemic penumbra through the post-processing of the spectral multiphasic CT Angiography (mCTA) data in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients. Thirty one consecutive patients strongly suspected of severe Middle Cerebral Artery AIS presenting less than 6 h after onset of symptoms or with unknown time of onset of symptoms underwent a standardized CT protocol in spectral mode including Non Contrast CT, mCTA, and Perfusion CT (CTP) on a dual-layer MDCT system. Areas disclosing delayed enhancement on iodine density (ID) maps were highlighted by subtraction of the serial mCTA datasets.

Patient Electronic Health Record as Temporal Graphs for Health Monitoring.

Machine learning methods are becoming increasingly popular to anticipate critical risks in patients under surveillance reducing the burden on caregivers. In this paper, we propose an original modeling that benefits of recent developments in Graph Convolutional Networks: a patient's journey is seen as a graph, where each node is an event and temporal proximities are represented by weighted directed edges. We evaluated this model to predict death at 24 hours on a real dataset and successfully compared our results with the state of the art.

Learning to Classify Medical Discharge Summaries According to ICD-9.

Context: We present a post-hoc approach to improve the recall of ICD classification.

Method: The proposed method can use any classifier as a backbone and aims to calibrate the number of codes returned per document. We test our approach on a new stratified split of the MIMIC-III dataset.

Blood Coagulation and Beyond: Position Paper from the Fourth Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis.

The Fourth Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis included the following themes. Theme 1: The "coagulome" as a critical driver of cardiovascular disease. Blood coagulation proteins also play divergent roles in biology and pathophysiology, related to specific organs, including brain, heart, bone marrow, and kidney.

Inferior Alveolar Intraneural Cyst Arising from Temporomandibular Joint.

Cystic nerve enlargement near a joint should evoke an intraneural synovial cyst and lead to the tracking of the articular connection for confirmation, where ever the location within the body is.

Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study.

Purpose: We aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age.

Methods: Data from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon).

Lung Adenocarcinoma Mimicking a Bilateral Cavitary Pneumonia.

Failure to recognize unusual radiological presentations of some lung adenocarcinomas can lead to misdiagnosis and/or delay appropriate treatment.

Granulocyte microvesicles with a high plasmin generation capacity promote clot lysis and improve outcome in septic shock.

Microvesicles (MVs) have previously been shown to exert profibrinolytic capacity, which is increased in patients with septic shock (SS) with a favorable outcome. We, therefore, hypothesized that the plasmin generation capacity (PGC) could confer to MVs a protective effect supported by their capacity to lyse a thrombus, and we investigated the mechanisms involved. Using an MV-PGC kinetic assay, ELISA, and flow cytometry, we found that granulocyte MVs (Gran-MVs) from SS patients display a heterogeneous PGC profile driven by the uPA (urokinase)/uPAR system.

Volatility of subliminal haptic feedback alters the feeling of control in schizophrenia.

It has been proposed that agency disorders found in schizophrenia rely on aberrant processing of prediction error. Overreactivity to nonpertinent prediction errors may lead to the attribution of one's own actions to an external source. When applied to perception, this could explain hallucinations.

Unusually Large Extent of Pagetic Vertebral Ankylosis in a Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis.

When the joints between bones are ankylosed, such as in ankylosing spondylitis, Paget's disease can involve multiple contiguous bones leading to pagetic vertebral ankylosis.

Hospital healthcare flows: A longitudinal clustering approach of acute coronary syndrome in women over 45 years.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in women is a growing public health issue and a death leading cause. We explored whether the hospital healthcare trajectory was characterizable using a longitudinal clustering approach in women with ACS. From the 2009-2014 French nationwide hospital database, we extracted spatio-temporal patterns in ACS patient trajectories, by replacing the spatiality by their hospitalization cause.

Prediction of In-Hospital Mortality from Administrative Data: A Sequential Pattern Mining Approach.

Study of trajectory of care is attractive for predicting medical outcome. Models based on machine learning (ML) techniques have proven their efficiency for sequence prediction modeling compared to other models. Introducing pattern mining techniques contributed to reduce model complexity.

VERTIGo: A Visual Platform for Querying and Exploring Large Multilayer Networks.

Many real world data can be modeled by a graph with a set of nodes interconnected to each other by multiple relationships. Such a rich graph is called multilayer graph or network. Providing useful visualization tools to support the query process for such graphs is challenging.

Sleep duration and problem behaviour in 8-year-old children in the Childhood Obesity Project.

There is growing evidence that insufficient sleep has negative effects on the mental health of children. The aim of this study is to examine the associations between device-measured sleep duration and internalizing and externalizing problems in 8-year-old children. The study is a secondary analysis of data from the Childhood Obesity Project conducted in five European countries.

Perigastric and Portal Venous Gas Induced by Vomiting.

Portal venous gas is often associated with severe abdominal pathologies, but may be also encountered in less dramatic conditions such as vomiting.

A new hybrid immunocapture bioassay with improved reproducibility to measure tissue factor-dependent procoagulant activity of microvesicles from body fluids.

Background: The procoagulant activity of tissue factor-bearing microvesicles (MV-TF) has been associated with the risk of developing venous thrombosis in cancer patients. However, MV-TF assays are limited either by i) a lack of specificity, ii) a low sensitivity, or iii) a lack of repeatability when high-speed centrifugation (HS-C) is used to isolate MV. Therefore, our objective was to develop a new hybrid "capture-bioassay" with improved reproducibility combining MV immunocapture from biofluids and measurement of their TF activity.

Protein-Losing Enteropathy in Primary Lymphangiectasia.

Intestinal lymphangectasia should be evoked in the rare context of protein-losing enteropathy with low-attenuation thickening of the bowel wall.

Influence of total sugar intake on metabolic blood markers at 8 years of age in the Childhood Obesity Project.

Purpose: We aimed to characterize the association of dietary sugar intake with blood lipids and glucose-related markers in childhood.

Methods: Data from the multicentric European Childhood Obesity Project Trial were used. Three-day weighed dietary records were obtained at 8 years of age along with serum concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), glucose, and insulin.

Prototyping Trastuzumab Docetaxel Immunoliposomes with a New FCM-Based Method to Quantify Optimal Antibody Density on Nanoparticles.

Developing targeted nanoparticles is a rising strategy to improve drug delivery in oncology. Antibodies are the most commonly used targeting agents. However, determination of their optimal number at the surface remains a challenging issue, mainly due to the difficulties in measuring precisely surface coating levels when prototyping nanoparticles.