Self-Organized Proactive Routing Protocol for Non-Uniformly Deployed Underwater Networks.

Electromagnetic (EM) waves cannot propagate more than few meters in sea water due to the high absorption rate. Acoustic waves are more suitable for underwater communication, but they travel very slowly compared to EM waves. The typical speed of acoustic waves in water is 1500 m/s, whereas speed of EM waves in air is approximately 3 × 10 m/s.

Post-mortem toxicology in the diagnosis of sudden death in young and middle-aged victims.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the impact of the toxicological results found in cases of sudden death (SD) and to correlate the clinical, autopsy and genetic findings with the toxicology results.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive SD in people aged between 16 and 50 years with medico-legal autopsies and toxicology studies were included over a 3-year period. The comparison between the toxicological data and demographic characteristics, clinical circumstances, autopsy, and genetic results were taken into account.

Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol (SOSRP) for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks.

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASN) have two important limitations: a very aggressive (marine) environment, and the use of acoustic signals. This means that the techniques for terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSN) are not applicable. This paper proposes a routing protocol called "Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol" (SOSRP) which is decentralized and based on tables residing in each node.

Self-Organized Fast Routing Protocol for Radial Underwater Networks.

An underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for environmental monitoring and surveillance. One of the side effects of the low propagation speed of acoustic waves is that routing protocols of terrestrial wireless networks are not applicable. To address this problem, routing strategies focused on different aspects have been proposed: location free, location based, opportunistic, cluster based, energy efficient, etc.

Early Experience with the Latest-Generation Biological Prosthesis, the Trifecta™ GT.

Background: The study aim was to assess the hemodynamic results and implantation technique for the latest-generation St. Jude Medical aortic valve bioprosthesis, the Trifecta™ GT, which was first marketed in 2016.

Methods: The first 100 patients (mean age 74.

Optimal Scheduling and Fair Service Policy for STDMA in Underwater Networks with Acoustic Communications.

In this work, a multi-hop string network with a single sink node is analyzed. A periodic optimal scheduling for TDMA operation that considers the characteristic long propagation delay of the underwater acoustic channel is presented. This planning of transmissions is obtained with the help of a new geometrical method based on a 2D lattice in the space-time domain.

Objective Video Quality Assessment Based on Machine Learning for Underwater Scientific Applications.

Video services are meant to be a fundamental tool in the development of oceanic research. The current technology for underwater networks (UWNs) imposes strong constraints in the transmission capacity since only a severely limited bitrate is available. However, previous studies have shown that the quality of experience (QoE) is enough for ocean scientists to consider the service useful, although the perceived quality can change significantly for small ranges of variation of video parameters.

Subjective Quality Assessment of Underwater Video for Scientific Applications.

Underwater video services could be a key application in the better scientific knowledge of the vast oceanic resources in our planet. However, limitations in the capacity of current available technology for underwater networks (UWSNs) raise the question of the feasibility of these services. When transmitting video, the main constraints are the limited bandwidth and the high propagation delays.

Cooperation in scale-free networks with limited associative capacities.

In this work we study the effect of limiting the number of interactions (the associative capacity) that a node can establish per round of a prisoner's dilemma game. We focus on the way this limitation influences the level of cooperation sustained by scale-free networks. We show that when the game includes cooperation costs, limiting the associative capacity of nodes to a fixed quantity renders in some cases larger values of cooperation than in the unrestricted scenario.

Dynamical organization towards consensus in the Axelrod model on complex networks.

We analyze the dynamics toward cultural consensus in the Axelrod model on scale-free networks. By looking at the microscopic dynamics of the model, we are able to show how culture traits spread across different cultural features. We compare the diffusion at the level of cultural features to the growth of cultural consensus at the global level, finding important differences between these two processes.

Complex cooperative networks from evolutionary preferential attachment.

In spite of its relevance to the origin of complex networks, the interplay between form and function and its role during network formation remains largely unexplored. While recent studies introduce dynamics by considering rewiring processes of a pre-existent network, we study network growth and formation by proposing an evolutionary preferential attachment model, its main feature being that the capacity of a node to attract new links depends on a dynamical variable governed in turn by the node interactions. As a specific example, we focus on the problem of the emergence of cooperation by analyzing the formation of a social network with interactions given by the Prisoner's Dilemma.

Natural selection of cooperation and degree hierarchy in heterogeneous populations.

One of the current theoretical challenges to the explanatory powers of Evolutionary Theory is the understanding of the observed evolutionary survival of cooperative behavior when selfish actions provide higher fitness (reproductive success). In unstructured populations natural selection drives cooperation to extinction. However, when individuals are allowed to interact only with their neighbors, specified by a graph of social contacts, cooperation-promoting mechanisms (known as lattice reciprocity) offer to cooperation the opportunity of evolutionary survival.

Fatal weeverfish sting.

We report a case of fatal weeverfish sting. An 18-year-old man was stung on the left leg by a weeverfish, which he was attempting to capture while snorkelling off the coast of Majorca (Spain). The man felt intense pain, but managed to swim to his boat where he lost consciousness after boarding rapidly.