Dental evidence for extended growth in early Homo from Dmanisi.

Human life history is characterized by an extended period of immaturity during which there is a disjunction between cerebral and somatic growth rates. This mode of ontogeny is thought to be essential for the acquisition of advanced cognitive capabilities in a socially complex environment while the brain is still growing. Key information about when and how this pattern evolved can be gleaned from the teeth of fossil hominins because dental development informs about the pace of life history.

Stool and blood metabolomics in the metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction/objectives: Changes in the stool metabolome have been poorly studied in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Moreover, few studies have explored the relationship of stool metabolites with circulating metabolites. Here, we investigated the associations between stool and blood metabolites, the MetS and systemic inflammation.

Shaft structure of the first metatarsal contains a strong phylogenetic signal in apes and humans.

Objectives: Metatarsal bones constitute a key functional unit of the foot in primates. While the form-function relationships of metatarsals have been extensively studied, particularly in relation to the loss of the grasping ability of the foot in humans in contrast to apes, the effect of phyletic history on the metatarsal morphology and its variability remains largely unknown.

Materials And Methods: Here, we evaluate how the strength of the phylogenetic signal varies from the first to the fifth metatarsal in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, and Japanese macaques.

Drug-target identification in COVID-19 disease mechanisms using computational systems biology approaches.

Introduction: The COVID-19 Disease Map project is a large-scale community effort uniting 277 scientists from 130 Institutions around the globe. We use high-quality, mechanistic content describing SARS-CoV-2-host interactions and develop interoperable bioinformatic pipelines for novel target identification and drug repurposing.

Methods: Extensive community work allowed an impressive step forward in building interfaces between Systems Biology tools and platforms.

Quantifying water-use efficiency in plant canopies with varying leaf angle and density distribution.

Background And Aims: Variation in architectural traits related to the spatial and angular distribution of leaf area can have considerable impacts on canopy-scale fluxes contributing to water-use efficiency (WUE). These architectural traits are frequent targets for crop improvement and for improving the understanding and predictions of net ecosystem carbon and water fluxes.

Methods: A three-dimensional, leaf-resolving model along with a range of virtually generated hypothetical canopies were used to quantify interactions between canopy structure and WUE by examining its response to variation of leaf inclination independent of leaf azimuth, canopy heterogeneity, vegetation density and physiological parameters.

Targeted proteomics in a population-based study identifies serum PECAM-1 and TRIM21 as inflammation markers for periodontitis.

Objectives: Periodontitis (PD) can cause systematic inflammation and is associated with various metabolic processes in the body. However, robust serum markers for these relationships are still lacking. This study aims to identify novel circulating inflammation-related proteins associated with PD using targeted proteomics.

PhysiBoSS 2.0: a sustainable integration of stochastic Boolean and agent-based modelling frameworks.

In systems biology, mathematical models and simulations play a crucial role in understanding complex biological systems. Different modelling frameworks are employed depending on the nature and scales of the system under study. For instance, signalling and regulatory networks can be simulated using Boolean modelling, whereas multicellular systems can be studied using agent-based modelling.

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Los Movimientos Periódicos de las Piernas durante el Sueño (PLMS), diagnosticados por polisomnografía, se caracterizan por movimientos estereotipados de las piernas que aparecen de forma repetitiva durante la noche. Cada PLMS se asocia a un microdespertar e incrementos de la frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial y actividad simpática. Objetivos: Analizar asociación entre el índice patológico de PLMS y la PA de 24 horas, en pacientes normotensos.

Comparison of cardiac image-derived input functions for quantitative whole body [F]FDG imaging with arterial blood sampling.

Dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) and the application of kinetic models can provide important quantitative information based on its temporal information. This however requires arterial blood sampling, which can be challenging to acquire. Nowadays, state-of-the-art PET/CT systems offer fully automated, whole-body (WB) kinetic modelling protocols using image-derived input functions (IDIF) to replace arterial blood sampling.

[Analysis of periodic leg movements during sleep, 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate].

Unlabelled: Los Movimientos Periódicos de las Piernas durante el Sueño (PLMS), diagnosticados por polisomnografía, se caracterizan por movimientos estereotipados de las piernas que aparecen de forma repetitiva durante la noche. Cada PLMS se asocia a un microdespertar e incrementos de la frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial y actividad simpática.

Objetivos: Analizar asociación entre el índice patológico de PLMS y la PA de 24 horas, en pacientes normotensos.

Whole-body metabolic connectivity framework with functional PET.

The nervous and circulatory system interconnects the various organs of the human body, building hierarchically organized subsystems, enabling fine-tuned, metabolically expensive brain-body and inter-organ crosstalk to appropriately adapt to internal and external demands. A deviation or failure in the function of a single organ or subsystem could trigger unforeseen biases or dysfunctions of the entire network, leading to maladaptive physiological or psychological responses. Therefore, quantifying these networks in healthy individuals and patients may help further our understanding of complex disorders involving body-brain crosstalk.

[Translated article] Transcultural validation and adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale for the functional assessment of children that undergo knee surgery.

Introduction: In the last decades sports practice in children has increased, thus increasing the number of musculoskeletal injuries. There are no validated scales in Spanish for the functional evaluation of knee aspects in children. The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale to Spanish, used for this purpose, was carried out.

Endocranial ontogeny and evolution in early : The evidence from Herto, Ethiopia.

Fossils and artifacts from Herto, Ethiopia, include the most complete child and adult crania of early . The endocranial cavities of the Herto individuals show that by 160,000 y ago, brain size, inferred from endocranial size, was similar to that seen in modern human populations. However, endocranial shape differed from ours.

Transcultural validation and adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale for the functional assessment of children that undergo knee surgery.

Introduction: In the last decades sports practice in children has increased, thus increasing the number of musculoskeletal injuries. There are no validated scales in Spanish for the functional evaluation of knee aspects in children. The validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Pedi-IKDC scale to Spanish, used for this purpose, was carried out.

Evaluating the policy of closing bars and restaurants in Cataluña and its effects on mobility and COVID19 incidence.

The world has gone through unprecedented changes since the global pandemic hit. During the early phase of the pandemic, the absence of known drugs or pharmaceutical treatments forced governments to introduce different policies in order to help reduce contagion rates and manage the economic consequences of the pandemic. This paper analyses the causal impact on mobility and COVID19 incidence from policy makers in Cataluña, Spain.

Optimizing Dosage-Specific Treatments in a Multi-Scale Model of a Tumor Growth.

The emergence of cell resistance in cancer treatment is a complex phenomenon that emerges from the interplay of processes that occur at different scales. For instance, molecular mechanisms and population-level dynamics such as competition and cell-cell variability have been described as playing a key role in the emergence and evolution of cell resistances. Multi-scale models are a useful tool for studying biology at very different times and spatial scales, as they can integrate different processes occurring at the molecular, cellular, and intercellular levels.

Climate effects on archaic human habitats and species successions.

It has long been believed that climate shifts during the last 2 million years had a pivotal role in the evolution of our genus Homo. However, given the limited number of representative palaeo-climate datasets from regions of anthropological interest, it has remained challenging to quantify this linkage. Here, we use an unprecedented transient Pleistocene coupled general circulation model simulation in combination with an extensive compilation of fossil and archaeological records to study the spatiotemporal habitat suitability for five hominin species over the past 2 million years.

Links between ectopic and abdominal fat and systemic inflammation: New insights from the SHIP-Trend study.

Background: Excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissue depots and organs such as the pancreas and the liver is associated with systemic low-grade chronic inflammation.

Aims: To investigate the association between abdominal, hepatic, and pancreatic fat and the circulating level of inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods: We used data from a subsample of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-Trend, n = 469).

COVID-19 Flow-Maps an open geographic information system on COVID-19 and human mobility for Spain.

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has spread all over the world leading to a global pandemic. The fast progression of COVID-19 has been mainly related to the high contagion rate of the virus and the worldwide mobility of humans. In the absence of pharmacological therapies, governments from different countries have introduced several non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce human mobility and social contact.

[Sleep Disorders and depression in Parkinson's Disease].

Objectives: Sleep disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). To diagnose sleep disturbances analyzing the sleep macrostructure and other variables in PD.

Method: The cross-sectional, retrospective study in PD patients.

Novel associations between inflammation-related proteins and adiposity: A targeted proteomics approach across four population-based studies.

Chronic low-grade inflammation has been proposed as a linking mechanism between obesity and the development of inflammation-related conditions such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Despite major advances in the last 2 decades, the complex relationship between inflammation and obesity remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel inflammation-related proteins associated with adiposity.

Religious and Spiritual Practices: Association with Dispositional Optimism in an Underprivileged Population in Lascano, Uruguay.

Optimism seems to foster the ability to manage adverse situations better-a finding especially relevant for disadvantaged populations. Employing a unique sample from a small underprivileged village, we studied the association between religious/spiritual practices and dispositional optimism. The village belongs to a developing country that is, by far, the most secular country in Latin America; this makes it particularly interesting for exploring the role of religious/spiritual practices in this context.