Advances in prevention and treatment of bone metastases in prostate cancer. Role of RANK/RANKL inhibition.

Background: Bone metastases are a common complication of prostate cancer, so treatment and prevention are essential to slow the progression of the disease and the occurrence of skeletal related events (SREs), which have devastating consequences for the quality of life of patients.

Summary Of Evidence: Bone metastases are characterized by increased bone turnover and altered balance between osteogenesis and osteolysis, with activation of the RANK and its ligand (RANKL). In patients with metastatic prostate cancer, bisphosphonates have been the bone-targeted agents most commonly used to date.

[Current role of PSA and other markers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer].

Objectives: To evaluate the current role of PSA as a diagnostic method for prostate cancer, as well as to analyze possible new markers.

Methods: We perform a bibliographic review for PSA, and its molecular forms, as a marker to define the presence of prostate cancer. We review the factors related to PSA modifications, predictive models, or the current controversies about the usefulness of its cutpoint to define the risk of prostate cancer or the marker itself.