Characteristics of High-Intensity Interval Training Influence Anthropometrics, Glycemic Control, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), including moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Despite diverse exercise protocol variations, the impact of these variations in HIIT on T2DM anthropometrics, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unclear.

Objective: The aim was to examine the influence of HIIT protocol characteristics on anthropometrics, glycemic control, and CRF in T2DM patients and compare it to control (without exercise) and MICT.

Reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy in measuring muscle oxygenation during squat exercise.

Unlabelled: Monitoring of changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation during exercise has increased in recent years. Tissue oxygenation, which is related to fatigue and muscle hypertrophy, is often measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of a non-portable NIRS (NIRO200Nx) during the full-squat exercise and recovery in young healthy men.

Multidimensional associations of physical performance, balance, wellness and daily activities with frailty in older adults with coexisting frailty and diabetes.

Background: The coexistence of frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the older population heightens the risk of adverse events. However, research on functional and wellness factors associated with frailty in this population is limited.

Purpose: To investigate the associations of physical performance, functional dependency, physical activity, nutritional status, sleep, self-perceived health and depression with frailty in community-dwelling older adults with coexisting frailty and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Predictors of Urinary and Fecal Incontinence in Prefrail and Frail Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study of the FRAGSALUD Project.

Background: Frailty is associated with urinary and fecal incontinence, which are common geriatric syndromes. This study aims to identify health factors associated with incontinence in prefrail or frail older adults living in the community.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 225 older adults (75.

Effects of an educational intervention on frailty status, physical function, physical activity, sleep patterns, and nutritional status of older adults with frailty or pre-frailty: the FRAGSALUD study.

Introduction: The prevalence of frailty is increasing worldwide, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing healthy ageing. To address this, cost-effective and minimally supervised interventions are being sought. This study aimed to assess the impact of an educational program on frailty status, physical function, physical activity, sleep patterns, and nutritional status in community-dwelling older adults with at least 1 Fried's frailty criteria.

Antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2/Keap1 in human skeletal muscle: Influence of age, sex, adiposity and aerobic fitness.

Ageing, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are associated with increased oxidative stress, while regular exercise is associated with an increased antioxidant capacity in trained skeletal muscles. Whether a higher aerobic fitness is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and their regulatory factors in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Although oestrogens could promote a higher antioxidant capacity in females, it remains unknown whether a sex dimorphism exists in humans regarding the antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle.

Thermal resting pattern and acute skin temperature response to exercise in older adults: Role of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Background: Infrared thermography is a growing area of interest in sports science due to the potential of skin temperature (T) measurements to provide valuable information from rest to exercise. However, limited research exists on T in older adults and the impact of factors such as sex and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on T. This study aims to investigate T at rest and after acute exercise in older adults and assess whether sex or CRF influences T.

Longitudinal effects of FTO gene polymorphism on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents. "The UP & DOWN study".

The role of polymorphism rs9939609 of the FTO gene has been related with fat mass and cardiovascular risk in adults, but it remains unclear in children and adolescents. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the FTO polymorphism effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity (PA), inflammatory markers, and cardiovascular risk both in cross-sectional analysis and after two-years of follow-up in children and adolescents. A total of 2129 participants were included in this study.

Impact of the FTO Gene Variation on Appetite and Fat Oxidation in Young Adults.

The FTO rs9939609 gene, which presents three polymorphisms (AA, AT, and TT), has been associated with the development of obesity through an increased fat accumulation; however, the associations of the gene with other physiological mechanisms, such as appetite or fat oxidation, are still unclear. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the influence of the FTO rs9939609 gene on different obesity-related factors in young adults. The FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was genotyped in 73 participants (28 women, 22.

Alkaline Stability of Anion-Exchange Membranes.

Recently, the development of durable anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) has increased in intensity due to their potential to use low-cost, sustainable components. However, the decomposition of the quaternary ammonium (QA) cationic groups in the anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) during cell operation is still a major challenge. Many different QA types and functionalized polymers have been proposed that achieve high AEM stabilities in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions.

Risk and Protective Factors for Frailty in Pre-Frail and Frail Older Adults.

This study aims to evaluate the differences in body composition, physical function, and physical activity between pre-frail/frail older adults and to detect risk and protective factors against frailty and physical frailty. Fried's criteria for frailty and physical frailty using the short-performance physical battery (SPPB) were measured in 179 older participants (75.3 ± 6.

Role of long non-coding RNAs in adipose tissue metabolism and associated pathologies.

The incidence of obesity and its related disorders has increased dramatically in recent years and has become a pandemic. Adipose tissue is a crucial regulator of these diseases due to its endocrine capacity. Thus, understanding adipose tissue metabolism is essential to finding new effective therapeutic approaches.

Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. A Systematic Review.

Background: Due to the prevalence and incidence worldwide of type 2 diabetes, and the significant role physical activity plays in these patients, a systematic review has been conducted to find out the effects that high-intensity interval training has on inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This project aims to determine the effect this training modality has on inflammatory biomarkers, in addition to observing its effects on the values of body composition and determining if this is a more effective, less effective or equally effective alternative to standard aerobic or resistance training.

Methods: A search was conducted in the months of November and December 2020 on different databases: Pubmed, WoS and PEDro.

Antioxidants Markers of Professional Soccer Players During the Season and their Relationship with Competitive Performance.

The aim of this study was to assess antioxidant markers before and after a mid-season of professional soccer players from the 3 Spanish Division, and to correlate antioxidant markers with competitive performance. Sixty-five male players (age = 25.3 ± 4.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (SARS-CoV-2 receptor) expression in human skeletal muscle.

The study aimed to determine the levels of skeletal muscle angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor) protein expression in men and women and assess whether ACE2 expression in skeletal muscle is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity. The level of ACE2 in vastus lateralis muscle biopsies collected in previous studies from 170 men (age: 19-65 years, weight: 56-137 kg, BMI: 23-44) and 69 women (age: 18-55 years, weight: 41-126 kg, BMI: 22-39) was analyzed in duplicate by western blot. VO max was determined by ergospirometry and body composition by DXA.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time are associated with maximal fat oxidation in young adults.

The present work aimed to examine the association between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour with maximal fat oxidation (MFO) in young individuals. A total of 77 active adults (30 women; 22.8 ± 4.

Effects of Different Velocity Loss Thresholds on Passive Contractile Properties and Muscle Oxygenation in the Squat Exercise Using Free Weights.

Muñoz-López, A, Marín-Galindo, A, Corral-Pérez, J, Costilla, M, Sánchez-Sixto, A, Sañudo, B, Casals, C, and Ponce-González, JG. Effects of different velocity loss thresholds on passive contractile properties and muscle oxygenation in the squat exercise using free weights. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3056-3064, 2022-The current study assessed the impact between different velocity loss thresholds on changes in the muscle contractile properties and muscle oxygenation after a single resistance training (RT) session.

Effects of a Rehabilitation Programme Using a Nasal Inspiratory Restriction Device in COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are characterised for presenting dyspnea, which reduces their physical capacity and tolerance to physical exercise. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of adding a Feel-Breathe (FB) device for inspiratory muscle training (IMT) to an 8-week pulmonary rehabilitation programme. Twenty patients were randomised into three groups: breathing with FB (FBG), oronasal breathing without FB (ONBG) and control group (CG).

Fitness, waist circumference and their association with future blood pressure in youth: The UP&DOWN Longitudinal Study.

Objectives: The aim was to determine the independent associations of muscular fitness (MF), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and waist circumference (WC) with blood pressure (BP) levels over 2 years in children and adolescents.

Methods: 1089 children (517 females) and 787 adolescents (378 females) with complete data on fitness, WC and BP (systolic [SBP] and diastolic [DBP]) were included. Upper MF was assessed through the handgrip strength test, and lower MF using the standing long jump test.

Effect of a 12-Week Concurrent Training Intervention on Cardiometabolic Health in Obese Men: A Pilot Study.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week concurrent training intervention on cardiometabolic health in obese men. Twelve obese men (42.5 ± 5.