The influence of cardiac substructure dose on survival in a large lung cancer stereotactic radiotherapy cohort using a robust personalized contour analysis.

Background/purpose: Radiation-induced cardiac toxicity in lung cancer patients has received increased attention since RTOG 0617. However, large cohort studies with accurate cardiac substructure (CS) contours are lacking, limiting our understanding of the potential influence of individual CSs. Here, we analyse the correlation between CS dose and overall survival (OS) while accounting for deep learning (DL) contouring uncertainty, uncertainty and different modelling approaches.

Action Segmentation in the Brain: The Role of Object-Action Associations.

Motion information has been argued to be central to the subjective segmentation of observed actions. Concerning object-directed actions, object-associated action information might as well inform efficient action segmentation and prediction. The present study compared the segmentation and neural processing of object manipulations and equivalent dough ball manipulations to elucidate the effect of object-action associations.

Updating predictions in a complex repertoire of actions and its neural representation.

Even though actions we observe in everyday life seem to unfold in a continuous manner, they are automatically divided into meaningful chunks, that are single actions or segments, which provide information for the formation and updating of internal predictive models. Specifically, boundaries between actions constitute a hub for predictive processing since the prediction of the current action comes to an end and calls for updating of predictions for the next action. In the current study, we investigated neural processes which characterize such boundaries using a repertoire of complex action sequences with a predefined probabilistic structure.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy of central lung tumours using a 1.5 T MR-linac: First clinical experiences.

Background: MRI-guidance may aid better discrimination between Organs at Risk (OARs) and target volumes in proximity of the mediastinum. We report the first clinical experiences with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) of (ultra)central lung tumours on a 1.5 T MR-linac.

The Dutch Lung Cancer Audit-Radiotherapy (DLCA-R): Real-World Data on Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Curative Chemoradiation.

Introduction: Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care in inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, favoring concurrent (cCRT) over sequential CRT (seqCRT), with adjuvant immunotherapy in responders. Elderly and frail NSCLC patients have generally been excluded from trials in the past. In elderly patients however, the higher treatment related morbidity of cCRT, may outweigh the possible lower tumor control of seqCRT.

On the feasibility of cardiac substructure sparing in magnetic resonance imaging guided stereotactic lung radiotherapy.

Background: Lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has proven an effective treatment for medically inoperable lung tumors, even for (ultra-)central tumors. Recently, there has been growing interest in radiation-induced cardiac toxicity in lung radiotherapy. More specifically, dose to cardiac (sub-)structures (CS) was found to correlate with survival after radiotherapy.

The overall survival impact of prophylactic cranial irradiation in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients has become more controversial. Since the publication of the systematic review by Aupérin et al. in 1999, no randomized controlled trials regarding PCI in LS-SCLC have been completed.

Touching events predict human action segmentation in brain and behavior.

Recognizing the actions of others depends on segmentation into meaningful events. After decades of research in this area, it remains still unclear how humans do this and which brain areas support underlying processes. Here we show that a computer vision-based model of touching and untouching events can predict human behavior in segmenting object manipulation actions with high accuracy.

Surmising synchrony of sound and sight: Factors explaining variance of audiovisual integration in hurdling, tap dancing and drumming.

Auditory and visual percepts are integrated even when they are not perfectly temporally aligned with each other, especially when the visual signal precedes the auditory signal. This window of temporal integration for asynchronous audiovisual stimuli is relatively well examined in the case of speech, while other natural action-induced sounds have been widely neglected. Here, we studied the detection of audiovisual asynchrony in three different whole-body actions with natural action-induced sounds-hurdling, tap dancing and drumming.

Ultra-central lung tumors: safety and efficacy of protracted stereotactic body radiotherapy.

Background: For patients with early stage or medically inoperable lung cancer, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is a general accepted and effective treatment option. The role of SBRT in ultra-central tumors remains controversial. The aim of this single-center retrospective analysis was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of protracted SBRT with 60 Gy in 12 fractions (with a biological effective dose (BED) of 90-150 Gy) for patients with ultra-central lung tumors.

Sarcoma of the Heart Treated with Stereotactic MR-Guided Online Adaptive Radiation Therapy.

We present the first case in the literature of a patient with a histology-proven intimal sarcoma of the heart, recurrent after surgery, treated with stereotactic MR-guided online adaptive radiation therapy on an MR-Linac machine. The treatment was feasible and well tolerated. The CT scan 6 months after the last treatment showed stable disease.

Using enriched semantic event chains to model human action prediction based on (minimal) spatial information.

Predicting other people's upcoming action is key to successful social interactions. Previous studies have started to disentangle the various sources of information that action observers exploit, including objects, movements, contextual cues and features regarding the acting person's identity. We here focus on the role of static and dynamic inter-object spatial relations that change during an action.

Incidental or Intentional? Different Brain Responses to One's Own Action Sounds in Hurdling vs. Tap Dancing.

Most human actions produce concomitant sounds. Action sounds can be either part of the action goal (GAS, goal-related action sounds), as for instance in tap dancing, or a mere by-product of the action (BAS, by-product action sounds), as for instance in hurdling. It is currently unclear whether these two types of action sounds-incidental or intentional-differ in their neural representation and whether the impact on the performance evaluation of an action diverges between the two.

Dual-Tasking in the Near-Hand Space: Effects of Stimulus-Hand Proximity on Between-Task Shifts in the Psychological Refractory Period Paradigm.

Two decades of research indicate that visual processing is typically enhanced for items that are in the space near the hands (near-hand space). Enhanced attention and cognitive control have been thought to be responsible for the observed effects, amongst others. As accumulating experimental evidence and recent theories of dual-tasking suggest an involvement of cognitive control and attentional processes during dual tasking, dual-task performance may be modulated in the near-hand space.

Lexical olfaction recruits olfactory orbitofrontal cortex in metaphorical and literal contexts.

The investigation of specific lexical categories has substantially contributed to advancing our knowledge on how meaning is neurally represented. One sensory domain that has received particularly little attention is olfaction. This study aims to investigate the neural representation of lexical olfaction.

Interobserver variability in the delineation of the primary lung cancer and lymph nodes on different four-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions.

Purpose: The study compared interobserver variation in the delineation of the primary tumour (GTVp) and lymph nodes (GTVln) between three different 4DCT reconstruction types; Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), Mid-Ventilation (Mid-V) and Mid-Position (Mid-P).

Material And Methods: Seven radiation oncologists delineated the GTVp and GTVln on the MIP, Mid-V and Mid-P 4DCT image reconstructions of 10 lung cancer patients. The volumes, the mean standard deviation (SD) and distribution of SD (SD/area) over the median surface contour were compared for different tumour regions.

Quality of Life in Relation to Pain Response to Radiation Therapy for Painful Bone Metastases.

Purpose: To study quality of life (QoL) in responders and nonresponders after radiation therapy for painful bone metastases; and to identify factors predictive for a pain response.

Patients And Methods: The prospectively collected data of 956 patients with breast, prostate, and lung cancer within the Dutch Bone Metastasis Study were used. These patients, irradiated for painful bone metastases, rated pain, QoL, and overall health at baseline and weekly afterward for 12 weeks.

[Paraneoplastic phenomena in patients with a thymoma].

A thymoma arises from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Local tumour growth may cause symptoms like coughing, dyspnoea or chest pain. Paraneoplastic phenomena can also occur in patients with a thymoma; myasthenia gravis is a well-known example.

Outcome of radiotherapy in T1 glottic carcinoma: a population-based study.

We evaluated the radiation outcome and prognostic factors in a population-based study of early (T1N0M0) glottic carcinoma. Survival parameters and prognostic factors were evaluated by uni- and multivariate analysis in 316 consecutive irradiated patients with T1 glottic carcinoma in the Comprehensive Cancer Center West region of the western Netherlands. Median follow-up was 70 months (range 1-190 months).

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction and quantitative analysis of the microvasculature in medulloblastoma and ependymoma subtypes.

In the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of tumours of the nervous system, four main histopathological subtypes of medulloblastomas (classic medulloblastoma, desmoplastic medulloblastoma, medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity and advanced neuronal differentiation and large cell/anaplastic medulloblastoma) as well as of ependymal tumours (low-grade ependymoma, anaplastic ependymoma, myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma) are recognised. Under the hypothesis that the microvascular architecture of tumours is a reflection of the histopathological subtype, we performed three-dimensional reconstructions of the microvasculature in these subtypes of medulloblastomas and ependymal tumours using computerised image analysis. In addition, we quantitatively assessed three microvascular parameters (number, area, perimeter) in these neoplasms.

[Neurological symptoms as the first sign of prostate carcinoma].

Three male patients aged 82, 56 and 60 years presented with cognitive impairment and hemiparesis, weakness of the tongue and facial muscles, and pain and weakness of the left arm, respectively. They were found to have carcinoma of the prostate with cerebral, skull and cervical spine metastases. They were treated with hormonal therapy and local radiotherapy for bone metastases.

Analysis of local recurrence after breast conservative treatment for invasive breast cancer: a single institution cohort.

In a group of 900 patients treated for carcinoma of the breast, we evaluated patient-, tumour- and treatment-related parameters, predicting the success or failure of conservative treatment for invasive breast cancer. Thirty-one patients developed local recurrences which were detected within 0.1-12.

The influence of pre-operative radiotherapy on the expression of p53 and adhesion molecules: correlation with treatment results in patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.

E-cadherin and the catenins are responsible for inter-cellular adhesion in epithelial tissues. E-cadherin and/or catenin expression is often altered in malignancies, leading to increased invasiveness and metastatic activity of tumour cells. Intact adhesion molecules reduce the risk on distant metastases.

P53 and radiotherapy for oesophageal carcinoma: A comparison between 4 different antibodies.

Wild-type p53 protein plays an important role in the cellular response to ionising radiation and other DNA damaging agents and is mutated in many human tumours. Immunohistochemistry is a rapid method to detect elevated protein levels. The p53 status in a group of patients treated by radiotherapy exclusively for oesophagus carcinoma was examined and correlated with pre-treatment parameters and treatment outcome with regard to overall survival, local recurrence-free survival and distant metastases-free survival.