Endodontic Management of Three-Rooted Mandibular Second Molar with Three Separate Orifices and Three Independent Portals of Exit: A Case Report.

Most mandibular second molars are usually found to have either one or two roots. However, mandibular second molars can also present with variations in the number of roots as well as differences in the morphology of their root canals. An 18-year-old male presented to the Department of Graduate Endodontics clinic with a morphologically variable mandibular second molar with three roots-two mesial and one distal.

A survey of current trends in root canal treatment: access cavity design and cleaning and shaping practices.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate current trends in access cavity design and cleaning and shaping among endodontists. A survey was e-mailed to active members of the American Association of Endodontists. Data showed that most respondents used traditional (57%) or conservative (43%) access cavities; less than 1% reported using ultraconservative access cavities.

Incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation: reciprocating versus rotary instrumentation.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of dentinal defects after root canal preparation with reciprocating instruments (Reciproc and WaveOne) and rotary instruments.

Methods: One hundred human central mandibular incisors were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 20 teeth per group). The root canals were instrumented by using the reciprocating single-file systems Reciproc and WaveOne and the full-sequence rotary Mtwo and ProTaper instruments.